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The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst” and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 21 - 38, 21.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511

Öz

Country estates in early modern England served as significant economic centres for the gentry and nobility, whose wealth was based on agriculture and landownership. However, the country house was idealised in country house poems, which were popular in the early seventeenth century, as a symbol of moral economy based on the paternalistic ethos of feudal society, lauding hospitality, modesty, and simplicity. Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst” (1616) praises the moral economy of old English country houses epitomising feudal values to criticize brutal, dehumanising capitalist enterprises embodied by modern prodigy houses. Although Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall (1762) is aligned to the principles of early country house poems, it differs from Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst,” which has a paternalist discourse, by offering a maternal model of moral economy that is more inclusive and heterogeneous as it includes the disadvantaged groups, like the old and the disabled. Moreover, the feminised moral economy proposed in Millenium Hall is more progressive, enabling socio-economic and territorial changes in accordance with high capitalism associated with industrialisation. This study examines Jonson’s “To Penshurst” and Scott’s Millenium Hall to show that although the two works praise the moral economy of country estates, they provide respectively patriarchal and matriarchal versions of moral economy.

Destekleyen Kurum

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

1059B192000333

Teşekkür

I would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) for supporting my study with the scholarship they provided during my postdoctoral research.

Kaynakça

  • Astarita, C. (2022). From feudalism to capitalism: Social and political change in Castile and Western Europe, 1250-1520 (D. Broder, Trans.). Boston: Brill. google scholar
  • Baucom, I. (1999). Out of place: Englishness, empire, and the locations of identity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Barton, S. (Ed.). (2021). Travel and tourism in Britain, 1700-1914 (Vol. 1). Oxon: Routledge. google scholar
  • Brass, T. (1994). Some observations on unfree labour, capitalist restructuring, and deproletarianization. International Review of Social History, 39(2), 255-275. doi:10.1017/s0020859000112593 google scholar
  • Brayton, D. (2016). Enclosure and the spatialization of history in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst.” In A. Kavey & E. google scholar
  • Ketner (Eds.), Imagining early modern histories (pp. 27-50). London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Bush, M. L. (1984). The English aristocracy: A comparative synthesis. Manchester: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Carroll, S. (2018). Medievalism in a song of ice and fire and game of thrones. Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. google scholar
  • Chase, M. & Shaw, C. (1989). The dimensions of nostalgia. In C. Shaw & M. Chase (Eds.), The imagined past: History and nostalgia (pp. 1-17). Manchester: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Chiarenza, M. (2010). Primum mobile. In R. Lansing (Ed.), The Dante encyclopedia (pp. 711-712). London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Claeys, G., & Sargent, L. T. (1999). The utopia reader. New York: NYU Press. google scholar
  • Cohn, S. K. & Aiton, D. (2013). Popular protest in late medieval English towns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Ghodke, N. B. (1985). Encyclopaedic dictionary of economics (Vol. 1). Delhi: Mittal Publications. google scholar
  • Given-Wilson, C. (1996). The English nobility in the late middle ages: The fourteenth-century political community. London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Johns, A. (2000). Remembering the future: Eighteenth-century women’s utopian writing. In H. Van Gorp & U. google scholar
  • Musarra-Schroder (Eds.), Genres as repositories of cultural memory (Vol. 5, pp. 37-49). Atlanta: Rodopi. google scholar
  • Jonson, B. (1870). To Penshurst. In R. Bell (Ed.), The poems of Ben Jonson (pp. 91-94). London: Charles Griffin. google scholar
  • Kelly, N. (1991). The medieval realms. Oxford: Heinemann. google scholar
  • Klein, L. (2018). William Thomas Beckford: Between dalliance and duty. In C. Dakers (Ed.), Fonthill Recovered: A cultural history (pp. 276-283). London: UCL Press. google scholar
  • Lewalski, B. K. (1989). The lady of the country-house poem. Studies in the History of Art, 25, 261-275. google scholar
  • Marcus, L. S. (1993). Politics and Pastoral: Writing the Court on the Countryside. In K. Sharpe & P. Lake (Eds.), Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England (pp. 139-160). Stanford: Stanford University Press. google scholar
  • McBride, K. B. (2001). Country house discourse in early modern England: A cultural study of landscape and legitimacy. Oxon: Routledge. google scholar
  • McLeod, B. (1999). The geography of empire in English literature, 1580-1745. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • McRae, A. (1992). Husbandry manuals and the language of agrarian. In M. Leslie & T. Raylor (Eds.), Culture and cultivation in early modern England: Writing and the land (pp. 35-62). Leicester: Leicester University Press. google scholar
  • Morrison, K. (2006). Marx, Durkheim, Weber: Formations of modern social thought. London: SAGE. google scholar
  • Nash, J. (1874). The mansions of England in the olden time. London: Henry Sotheran and Company. google scholar
  • Ortenberg, V. (2006). In search of the holy grail: The quest for the middle ages. London: Hambledon Continuum. google scholar
  • Pohl, N. (1996). “Sweet place, where virtue then did rest”: The appropriation of the country-house ethos in Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall. Utopian Studies, 7(1), 49-59. google scholar
  • Pohl, N. (2008). “Creating a life together”: Utopian households in the work of Sarah Scott and Sarah Fielding. In S. Broomhall (Ed.), Emotions in the household 1200-1900 (pp. 219-233). London: Palgrave MacMillan. google scholar
  • Pohl, N. (2008). Lanyer’s “The Description of Cookham” and Jonson’s “To Penshurst”. In M. Hattaway (Ed.), A companion to English renaissance literature and culture (pp. 224-232). Malden: Blackwell. google scholar
  • Scott, S. (1986). Millenium Hall. London: Virago. google scholar
  • Stafford, W. (1989). “This once happy country”: nostalgia for pre-modern society. In C. Shaw & M. Chase (Eds.), The imagined past: History and nostalgia (pp. 33-46). Manchester: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Tamura, S. (2002). Gustav von Schmoller and Werner Sombart: A contrast in the historico-ethical method and social policy. In Y. Shionoya (Ed.), The German historical school: The historical and ethical approach to economics (pp. 105-119). London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Tavernor, R. (1991). Palladio and palladianism. London: Thames and Hudson. google scholar
  • Williams, R. (1973). The country and the city. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Wood, E. M. (2002). The origin of capitalism: A longer view. London: Verso. google scholar
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1, 21 - 38, 21.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511

Öz

Proje Numarası

1059B192000333

Kaynakça

  • Astarita, C. (2022). From feudalism to capitalism: Social and political change in Castile and Western Europe, 1250-1520 (D. Broder, Trans.). Boston: Brill. google scholar
  • Baucom, I. (1999). Out of place: Englishness, empire, and the locations of identity. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Barton, S. (Ed.). (2021). Travel and tourism in Britain, 1700-1914 (Vol. 1). Oxon: Routledge. google scholar
  • Brass, T. (1994). Some observations on unfree labour, capitalist restructuring, and deproletarianization. International Review of Social History, 39(2), 255-275. doi:10.1017/s0020859000112593 google scholar
  • Brayton, D. (2016). Enclosure and the spatialization of history in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst.” In A. Kavey & E. google scholar
  • Ketner (Eds.), Imagining early modern histories (pp. 27-50). London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Bush, M. L. (1984). The English aristocracy: A comparative synthesis. Manchester: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Carroll, S. (2018). Medievalism in a song of ice and fire and game of thrones. Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer. google scholar
  • Chase, M. & Shaw, C. (1989). The dimensions of nostalgia. In C. Shaw & M. Chase (Eds.), The imagined past: History and nostalgia (pp. 1-17). Manchester: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Chiarenza, M. (2010). Primum mobile. In R. Lansing (Ed.), The Dante encyclopedia (pp. 711-712). London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Claeys, G., & Sargent, L. T. (1999). The utopia reader. New York: NYU Press. google scholar
  • Cohn, S. K. & Aiton, D. (2013). Popular protest in late medieval English towns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Ghodke, N. B. (1985). Encyclopaedic dictionary of economics (Vol. 1). Delhi: Mittal Publications. google scholar
  • Given-Wilson, C. (1996). The English nobility in the late middle ages: The fourteenth-century political community. London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Johns, A. (2000). Remembering the future: Eighteenth-century women’s utopian writing. In H. Van Gorp & U. google scholar
  • Musarra-Schroder (Eds.), Genres as repositories of cultural memory (Vol. 5, pp. 37-49). Atlanta: Rodopi. google scholar
  • Jonson, B. (1870). To Penshurst. In R. Bell (Ed.), The poems of Ben Jonson (pp. 91-94). London: Charles Griffin. google scholar
  • Kelly, N. (1991). The medieval realms. Oxford: Heinemann. google scholar
  • Klein, L. (2018). William Thomas Beckford: Between dalliance and duty. In C. Dakers (Ed.), Fonthill Recovered: A cultural history (pp. 276-283). London: UCL Press. google scholar
  • Lewalski, B. K. (1989). The lady of the country-house poem. Studies in the History of Art, 25, 261-275. google scholar
  • Marcus, L. S. (1993). Politics and Pastoral: Writing the Court on the Countryside. In K. Sharpe & P. Lake (Eds.), Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England (pp. 139-160). Stanford: Stanford University Press. google scholar
  • McBride, K. B. (2001). Country house discourse in early modern England: A cultural study of landscape and legitimacy. Oxon: Routledge. google scholar
  • McLeod, B. (1999). The geography of empire in English literature, 1580-1745. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • McRae, A. (1992). Husbandry manuals and the language of agrarian. In M. Leslie & T. Raylor (Eds.), Culture and cultivation in early modern England: Writing and the land (pp. 35-62). Leicester: Leicester University Press. google scholar
  • Morrison, K. (2006). Marx, Durkheim, Weber: Formations of modern social thought. London: SAGE. google scholar
  • Nash, J. (1874). The mansions of England in the olden time. London: Henry Sotheran and Company. google scholar
  • Ortenberg, V. (2006). In search of the holy grail: The quest for the middle ages. London: Hambledon Continuum. google scholar
  • Pohl, N. (1996). “Sweet place, where virtue then did rest”: The appropriation of the country-house ethos in Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall. Utopian Studies, 7(1), 49-59. google scholar
  • Pohl, N. (2008). “Creating a life together”: Utopian households in the work of Sarah Scott and Sarah Fielding. In S. Broomhall (Ed.), Emotions in the household 1200-1900 (pp. 219-233). London: Palgrave MacMillan. google scholar
  • Pohl, N. (2008). Lanyer’s “The Description of Cookham” and Jonson’s “To Penshurst”. In M. Hattaway (Ed.), A companion to English renaissance literature and culture (pp. 224-232). Malden: Blackwell. google scholar
  • Scott, S. (1986). Millenium Hall. London: Virago. google scholar
  • Stafford, W. (1989). “This once happy country”: nostalgia for pre-modern society. In C. Shaw & M. Chase (Eds.), The imagined past: History and nostalgia (pp. 33-46). Manchester: Manchester University Press. google scholar
  • Tamura, S. (2002). Gustav von Schmoller and Werner Sombart: A contrast in the historico-ethical method and social policy. In Y. Shionoya (Ed.), The German historical school: The historical and ethical approach to economics (pp. 105-119). London: Routledge. google scholar
  • Tavernor, R. (1991). Palladio and palladianism. London: Thames and Hudson. google scholar
  • Williams, R. (1973). The country and the city. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Wood, E. M. (2002). The origin of capitalism: A longer view. London: Verso. google scholar
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dünya Dilleri, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Şebnem Düzgün 0000-0002-0467-1018

Proje Numarası 1059B192000333
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 19 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Düzgün, Ş. (2024). The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst” and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 34(1), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511
AMA Düzgün Ş. The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst” and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall. Litera. Haziran 2024;34(1):21-38. doi:10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511
Chicago Düzgün, Şebnem. “The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s ‘To Penshurst’ and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 34, sy. 1 (Haziran 2024): 21-38. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511.
EndNote Düzgün Ş (01 Haziran 2024) The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst” and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 34 1 21–38.
IEEE Ş. Düzgün, “The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s ‘To Penshurst’ and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall”, Litera, c. 34, sy. 1, ss. 21–38, 2024, doi: 10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511.
ISNAD Düzgün, Şebnem. “The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s ‘To Penshurst’ and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 34/1 (Haziran 2024), 21-38. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511.
JAMA Düzgün Ş. The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst” and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall. Litera. 2024;34:21–38.
MLA Düzgün, Şebnem. “The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s ‘To Penshurst’ and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, c. 34, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 21-38, doi:10.26650/LITERA2023-1397511.
Vancouver Düzgün Ş. The Moral Economy of English Country Houses in Ben Jonson’s “To Penshurst” and Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall. Litera. 2024;34(1):21-38.