The Concept of Investment Under The ICSID Convention

Öz

In this article, the concept of "investment" has been examined in accordance with the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID). The objective of the Center established by the ICSID Convention is to resolve the "investment" disputes between the Parties and foreign investors of the other State Party through conciliation or arbitration. The concept of "investment", which determines the borders of the jurisdiction of the center, is not defined in the Convention. For this reason, in practice, it has seen that the concept of investment in referee decisions is defined in different forms. In arbitration decisions, the methods used to define the concept of investment also differ. In this article, these different methods and the different conclusions reached are examined, taking into account the opinions of the doctrine. In addition to not forming the basis of our work, a brief evaluation has been made on the view that the concept of investment is not deliberately defined and its content is left to the state parties. According to this view, the scope of the investment concept will be determined within the framework of the bilateral investment treaties. Today, the most commonly accepted solution in doctrine and practice is that there must be an investment under Article 25 of the Convention, so that a dispute can be seen at the ICSID arbitration center, and the parties should regard this dispute as an investment dispute.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ICSID,Investment arbitration,Investment disputes,Notion of investment,Salini decision,Phoenix decision,Quiborax decision,Bilateral investment treaties

ICSID Konvansiyonu’na Göre Yatırım Kavramı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Devletler ve Diğer Devletlerin Vatandaşları Arasındaki Yatırım Uyuşmazlıklarının Çözümlenmesi Hakkında Konvansiyon (ICSID) uyarınca “yatırım” kavramı incelenmiştir. ICSID Konvansiyonu ile kurulan Merkezin amacı, taraf devletler ile diğer taraf devlet vatandaşı yabancı yatırımcılar arasında çıkan “yatırım” uyuşmazlıklarını uzlaştırma veya tahkim yolu ile çözmektir. Merkezin, yargı yetkisinin sınırlarını belirleyen “yatırım” kavramı, Konvansiyonda tanımlanmamıştır. Bu sebeple, uygulamada hakem kararlarında yatırım kavramının farklı şekillerde tanımlandığı görülmektedir. Hakem kararlarında, yatırım kavramının tanımlanmasında kullanılan metotlar da farklılık arz etmektedir. Çalışmada, bu farklı metotlar ve varılan farklı sonuçlar, doktrindeki görüşler de dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızın esasını oluşturmamakla birlikte, yatırım kavramının bilinçli olarak tanımlanmadığı ve kapsamının belirlenmesinin taraf devletlere bırakıldığı görüşü hakkında da kısa bir değerlendirme yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu görüşe göre yatırım kavramının kapsamı, yatırımcı devletin vatandaşı olduğu devlet ile ev sahibi devlet arasında akdedilen iki taraflı yatırımın karşılıklı korunması ve teşviki anlaşmaları çerçevesinde belirlenecektir. Bugün, doktrin ve uygulamada çoğunlukla kabul edilen çözüm ise, bir uyuşmazlığın ICSID tahkim merkezinde görülebilmesi için, hem Konvansiyonun 25. maddesi kapsamında bir yatırım olmalıdır, hem de taraflar da bu uyuşmazlığı bir yatırım uyuşmazlığı olarak görmelidir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ICSID,Yatırım tahkimi,Yatırım uyuşmazlıkları,Yatırım kavramı,Salini kararı,Phoenix kararı,Quiborax kararı,İki taraflı yatırımın karşılıklı korunması ve teşviki anlaşmaları

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