Araştırma Makalesi

The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin

Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2 30 Temmuz 2025
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The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin

Öz

This study aims to examine the law of large numbers in the context of eight statistical works from the late Ottoman period, evaluating the efforts of Ottoman statisticians to keep up with contemporary developments. It has been observed that the statistical textbooks used in institutions such as The Imperial School of Civil Service (Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şâhâne), the Faculty of Law, and the School of Commerce were influenced by the ideas of Adolphe Quetelet (17961874) concerning the law of large numbers. Seven of these works emphasized the necessity of a large number of observations in statistical analyses but did not provide a sufficient explanation of the concept. The examples presented in relation to the law were found to be both quantitatively and qualitatively inadequate. Apart from these, the author of the eighth book, Ahmed Emin (Yalman, 1888-1972), brought a different perspective to statistics courses than other writers, under the influence of the sociology and journalism education he received in America. His textbook İhsâʾiyyat (Statistics), written for students of the School of Civil Service, differs from others in its structure and approach. Unlike other works, it analyzes statistics primarily through the lens of the law of large numbers and employs it extensively to better illustrate causal relationships. The book devotes a significant portion to the concept of normal distribution and its graphical representation, making it noteworthy in terms of originality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. BOA. Maârif Nezâreti Mektûbî Kalemi (MF. MKT.) 1225/56, 14 Nisan 1333 (14 April 1917) google scholar
  2. Abdurrahman Şeref. İstatistik ve Coğrafyâ-Yı ‘Umranî. İstanbul: Karabet Matbaası, 1314. google scholar
  3. Ahmed Emin. İhsa’iyyât. Mekteb-i Mülkiye Matbaası, 1334. google scholar
  4. ———. “The Development of Modern Turkey as Measured by Its Press.” Columbia University, 1914. google scholar
  5. Aram Margosyan. “İstatistik Hakkında Bazı Mülâhazât.” OsmanlI Mühendis ve Mimar Cemiyeti Mecmuası 1, no. 6 (1326): 137-41. google scholar
  6. Block, Maurice. Traite Theorique et Pratique de Statistique. Paris: Librairie Guillaumin, 1886. google scholar
  7. Çankaya, Ali. Mülkiye Târihi ve Mülkiyeliler. Vol. 1. Ankara: Örnek Matbaası, 1954. google scholar
  8. Cemal Bey. Usûl ve Tatbihât-ı istatistik. Dersa'âdet: Matbaa-i Kader, 1328. google scholar

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Modern Türk Tarihi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Temmuz 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

3 Şubat 2025

Kabul Tarihi

16 Haziran 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Duru, Z., & Islak, U. (2025). The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science), 26(2), 189-230. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1620047
AMA
1.Duru Z, Islak U. The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science). 2025;26(2):189-230. doi:10.26650/oba.1620047
Chicago
Duru, Zekeriya, ve Umit Islak. 2025. “The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin”. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science) 26 (2): 189-230. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1620047.
EndNote
Duru Z, Islak U (01 Temmuz 2025) The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science) 26 2 189–230.
IEEE
[1]Z. Duru ve U. Islak, “The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin”, Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science), c. 26, sy 2, ss. 189–230, Tem. 2025, doi: 10.26650/oba.1620047.
ISNAD
Duru, Zekeriya - Islak, Umit. “The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin”. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science) 26/2 (01 Temmuz 2025): 189-230. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.1620047.
JAMA
1.Duru Z, Islak U. The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science). 2025;26:189–230.
MLA
Duru, Zekeriya, ve Umit Islak. “The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin”. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science), c. 26, sy 2, Temmuz 2025, ss. 189-30, doi:10.26650/oba.1620047.
Vancouver
1.Zekeriya Duru, Umit Islak. The Place of the Law of Large Numbers in Ottoman Statistical Works and Ahmed Emin. Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science). 01 Temmuz 2025;26(2):189-230. doi:10.26650/oba.1620047