Türkiye’de yeni bir bilim dalının doğuşu: 1933 Üniversite Reformu’ndan sonra İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde genetik araştırmaları

Öz

Üniversite Reformu’nun ilan edildiği 1933 yılından 1960’lı yıllara uzanan dönem, Türkiye’de ilk genetik araştırmalarının yapılmaya başlandığı ve genetiğin bir bilim dalı olarak kurulduğu ve kurumsallaştığı yıllardır. Bu ilk genetik araştırmalarının hemen hepsi İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi’nde yapılmıştır. Nazilerin iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte Türkiye’ye gelen bazı Alman genetikçiler, İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde genetik araştırmalarının başlatılmasına ve genetik alanında ilk araştırmacıların yetiştirilmesine önemli katkıda bulunmuşlardır. İlk genetik çalışmalar 1935 yılında, Farmakobotanik ve Genetik Enstitüsü’nde Alfred Heilbronn tarafından başlatılmıştır. Daha sonra, 1937 yılında Curt Kosswig’in Zooloji Enstitüsü’nün başına geçmesiyle zooloji alanında da genetikle ilgili çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu iki bilim insanı, asistan ve öğrencileriyle birlikte cinsiyet belirleme mekanizmaları, ikincil cinsiyet karakterleri ve tümör oluşumunun genetik mekanizmaları gibi birçok farklı konuda araştırma yapmış, genetik üzerine dersler vermiş ve bu konuda Türkiye’de ilk ders kitaplarının yazılmasına ve basılmasına öncülük etmişlerdir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türkiye’de genetik,1933 Üniversite Reformu,Alfred Heilbronn,Curt Kosswig,Atıf Şengün,Sara Akdik,Melekper Öktay,Nebahat Yakar,Recai Ermin,Nezihe Öztan

The Emergence of a new scientific discipline in Turkey: Genetics at Istanbul University after the 1933 University Reform

Öz

The years between 1933 when Istanbul University was fundamentally reformed and the 1960s, constituted the period when the first geneticists in Turkey carried out their research and contributed to the formation and institutionalization of a new scientific discipline. Almost all of this first genetics research in Turkey was conducted at the Faculty of Science, Istanbul University. After the University Reform, German geneticists who came to Turkey due to Nazi oppression, made important contributions to scientific research as well as to the training of the first researchers in genetics. The first researches were launched by Alfred Heilbronn in 1935 at the Institute of Pharmacobotany and Genetics. Subsequently, research at the Zoological Institute begun in 1937 when Curt Kosswig came to Turkey as the director of the institute. These scientists, together with their local assistants and students, undertook numerous studies on several questions of genetics such as sex determination mechanisms, secondary sexual characters and genetic mechanisms of tumor formation. Alongside their scientific studies, they also gave lectures on genetics and they wrote some of the first genetics textbooks in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genetics in Turkey,1933 University Reform,Alfred Heilbronn,Curt Kosswig,Atıf Şengün,Sara Akdik,Melekper Öktay,Nebahat Yakar,Recai Ermin,Nezihe Öztan

Kaynakça

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