Self-Report Methods for Assessing Emotions: Understanding Structure and Accuracy of Measurement

Öz

Emotion is structurally multifaceted with different components. One of these components, subjective experience, is pivotal in defining and measuring emotions. Self-report methods are used to ascertain the subjective experience of emotion. Unlike the neural and behavioral components of emotion, the qualities in subjective experience have been analyzed relatively less. However, for a more accurate and valid determination, the relevant structure should be well conceptualized. In this sense, the first part of this review precisely refers to the concept of emotional experience. This section concerns the distinctive meaning of subjective experience and details the correlation of subjective experience with other components of emotion. Next, the methods of accessing and expressing this experience will be discussed. Finally, the various scales in literature for measuring subjective experience are discussed. The status of these scales in Turkish and international literature is summarized. After conceptualizing subjective experience, the second part includes crucial aspects that may be useful for a more accurate and valid measurement. For this purpose, temporal issues that are important in measurement are addressed. First, the results of the temporal position of measurement, which may be in the past, future, or online; the results of the differences in the temporal emphasis in the instruction and the mechanism by which it affects the determination are mentioned. Subsequently, systematic explanations of individual differences in the experience of emotion are emphasized. Emotional granularity, referring to the extent to which an emotion is expressed in detail, and emotional dialecticism, indicating the state of experiencing different emotions together, are explained. Individual differences and their potential contribution to measuring and understanding emotion were addressed. The different views on the subjective experience of emotion, the temporal aspects, individual differences that can matter for measurement, and the mechanisms by which they can contribute to determination practices were discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Measuring emotion
• self-report
• subjective experience of emotion
• emotional experience
• phenomenology of emotion.

Duygu Ölçmede Kullanılan Öz Bildirim Yöntemleri: Neyi Ölçer? Nasıl Doğru Ölçer?

Öz

Duygu farklı bileşenleri olan, çok yönlü bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu bileşenlerden biri olan öznel deneyim hem duygunun tanımında hem de ölçülmesinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Duygunun öznel deneyiminin ölçümünde ise öz bildirim yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Fakat literatüre bakıldığında duygunun nöral ve davranışsal bileşenlerinin aksine öznel deneyimindeki niteliklerin görece daha az incelendiği görülmektedir. Oysa ölçümün daha doğru ve geçerli yapılabilmesi için ilgili yapının önce iyi kavramsallaştırılmış olması gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda derlemenin birinci kısmı duygu deneyiminin içeriğinin tam olarak neye tekabül ettiğine ilişkindir. Bu kısımda ilk olarak öznel deneyimin diğer duygu bileşenleriyle olan ilişkileri ve tek başına öznel deneyimin ne ifade ettiği detaylandırılmıştır. Sonrasında ise deneyime erişimin ve bu deneyimin ifadesinin nasıl mümkün olduğundan bahsedilmiştir. Son olarak öznel deneyimin ölçümünü için geliştirilmiş olan literatürde yaygın şekilde kullanılan farklı ölçekler üzerinde durulmuştur. Hem ulusal hem uluslararası literatürdeki ölçeklerin güncel durumları özetlenmiştir. Öznel deneyimin kavramsallaştırılmasının ardından ikinci kısım, daha doğru ve geçerli bir ölçüm için fayda sağlayabilecek önemli hususları içermektedir. Bu amaçla derlemenin ikinci kısmında öncelikle ölçümde dikkat edilmesi gereken zamansal hususlara yer verilmiştir. Önce ölçümün zamansal pozisyonunun geçmişte, gelecekte veya anlık olmasının sonuçlarına, sonrasında yönergede zamansal vurgudaki farkların sonuçlarına ve ölçümü nasıl etkilediğine dair çalışmalara değinilmiştir. Ardından duygunun deneyiminde yaşanan bireysel farklılıkların sistematik açıklamaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Duygunun ne ölçüde detaylı bir şekilde ifade edildiğine işaret eden duygusal detaycılık, farklı duyguların beraber yaşanma durumunu ifade eden duygusal diyalektisizm kavramları açıklanmıştır. Bu bireysel farklılıkların duygunun hem ölçümü hem de anlaşılmasına nasıl bir katkı sağlayabileceği ele alınmıştır. Tartışmada, duygunun öznel deneyimine dair farklı görüşler, zamansal hususların ve bireysel farklılıkların ölçüm için ne ifade edebileceği, ölçüm pratiklerinde nasıl katkılar sağlayabileceği tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duyguyu ölçme
• öz bildirim
• duygunun öznel deneyimi
• duygusal deneyim
• duygunun fenomenolojisi

Kaynakça

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