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Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1, 301 - 330, 08.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2020-0108

Öz

Sosyal baskınlık yönelimi (SBY), var olan hiyerarşik yapıları desteklemeye yönelik bireysel bir eğilime karşılık gelmektedir ve son dönemde yürütülen çalışmalar bu kavramın iki faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir: SBY-Baskınlık (SBY-B) ve SBY-Eşitlik Karşıtı Olma (SBY-EKO). Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ho ve arkadaşlarının (2015) SBY’nin iki faktörlü yapısını ölçmek için geliştirdiği Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye uyarlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla, SBY7 iki farklı örneklemden toplam 730 katılımcıya (222 erkek, 507 kadın ve bir boş veri) uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği, Genel Sistemi Meşrulaştırma Ölçeği (örneklem-1), Toplumsal Cinsiyete İlişkin Sistemi Meşrulaştırma Ölçeği (örneklem-2) ve katılımcıların sosyal refahın yeniden sağlanmasını, gelir adaletinin sağlanmasını ve savaşı destekleme düzeylerini belirlemek için oluşturulan Kısa Soru Formu uygulanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, anlamsal ve yöntemsel olarak farklı maddeleri barındıran dört faktörlü bir yapıyı desteklemektedir. Yapı geçerliğine ilişkin bulgular, SBY-Toplam, SBY-B ve SBY-EKO’nun korumacı ve düşmanca cinsiyetçilik ve genel sistemi meşrulaştırma (örneklem-1) ve toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin sistemi meşrulaştırma (örneklem-2) düzeyleri ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapı geçerliğini test etmek için ayrıca SBY-B ve kriter değişkenleri arasındaki yarı-kısmi korelasyonlar ile SBY-EKO ve kriter değişkenleri arasındaki yarı-kısmi korelasyonlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular, 12 ayrı yarı-kısmi korelasyon farkı karşılaştırmasından yalnızca üçünde anlamlı bir farklılık olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, SBY-B ve SBY-EKO arasında, mevcut çalışmada ele alınan kriter değişkenlerini yordama açısından istikrarlı bir farklılaşmanın olmadığına işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın sonuçları SBY7’nin Türkiye'de sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin anlamsal ve yöntemsel olarak farklı yönlerini barındıran dört faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğuna, ancak kuramsal olarak SBY-EKO ve SBY-B’nin ülkemizde belirgin bir şekilde birbirinden ayrışmadığına işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle, SBY7’nin Türkiye’de sosyal baskınlık yöneliminin farklı yönlerini içeren tek faktörlü bir ölçek olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aiello, A., Passini, S., Tesi, A., Morselli, D. ve Pratto, F. (2019). Measuring support for intergroup hierarchies: Assessing The psychometric proprieties of the Italian Social Dominance Orientation 7 Scale. TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in AppliedPsychology, 26(3), 373-383. https:// doi.org/10.4473/tpm26.3.4 google scholar
  • Asbrock, F., Gutenbrunner, L. ve Wagner, U. (2013). Unwilling, but not unaffected—Imagined contact effects for authoritarians and social dominators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(5), 404-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1956 google scholar
  • Aziz, A. ve Kamal, A. (2018). Translation and contrasted group validation of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO7-16 Items) Scale into local language. Paradigms, 12(2), 213-217. doi: 10.24312/ paradigms120216 google scholar
  • Avcı, F. (2014). The investigation of attitudes toward the solutıon of Kurdish question in terms of basic human values (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara. google scholar
  • Bareket, O., Kahalon, R., Shnabel, N. ve Glick, P. (2018). The Madonna-whore dichotomy: Men who perceive women’s nurturance and sexuality as mutually exclusive endorse patriarchy and show lower relationship satisfaction. Sex Roles, 79(9-10), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0895-7 google scholar
  • Bassett, J. F. (2010). The effects of mortality salience and social dominance orientation on attitudes toward illegal immigrants. Social Psychology, 41, 52-55. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000008 google scholar
  • Bergh, R., Sidanius, J. ve Sibley, C. G. (2015). Dimensions of social dominance: Their personality and socio-political correlates within a New Zealand probability sample. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 44(2), 25-34. google scholar
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS basic concepts, applications, and programming (Second Ed.). Routledge: NY, London. google scholar
  • Di Meo, A. (2007). Ethnocultural empathy in relation to social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, hypersensitive narcissism and overt narcissism. Dissertation Abstracts International, 67, 6050. google scholar
  • Eagly, A. H., Diekman, A. B., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C. ve Koenig, A. M. (2004). Gender gaps in sociopolitical attitudes: A social psychological analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(6), 796-816. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.796 google scholar
  • Ellenbroek, M., Verkuyten, M., Thijs, J. ve Poppe, E. (2014). The fairness of national decision-making procedures: The views of adolescents in 18 European countries. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 24(6), 503-517. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2189 google scholar
  • Ercan, N. (2009). Evlilikte kadına yönelik fiziksel şiddete ilişkin tutumların yordayıcıları: Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik, sistemi meşrulaştırma ve dini yönelim. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar
  • Feather, N. T. ve McKee, I. R (2012). Values, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and ambivalent attitudes toward women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(10), 2479-2504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00950.x google scholar
  • Fischer, R., Hanke, K. ve Sibley, C. G. (2012). Cultural and ınstitutional determinants of social dominance orientation: A cross-cultural meta-analysis of 27 societies. Political Psychology, 33(4), 437-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00884.x google scholar
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491 google scholar
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  • Hasta, D. ve Karaçanta, H. (2017) Yetkecilik, sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ve siyasal görüş. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 20(40), 23-34. google scholar
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  • Hindriks, P., Verkuyten, M. ve Coenders, M. (2014). Dimensions of social dominance orientation: The roles of legitimizing myths and national identification. European Journal of Personality, 28(6), 538-549. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1955 google scholar
  • Hittner, J. B., Finger, M. S., Mancuso, J. P. ve Silver, N. C. (1995). A Microsoft FORTRAN 77 program for contrasting part correlations and related statistics. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005010 google scholar
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Turkish Adaptation of New Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO7)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1, 301 - 330, 08.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2020-0108

Öz

Social dominance orientation (SDO) represents an individual tendency to support already existing hierarchical social structures. Recent research has indicated that this phenomenon has a two-factor structure: SDO-Dominance (SDO-D) and SDO-Egalitarianism (SDO-E). The aim of this study is to adapt the New Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO7), developed by Ho et al. (2015), to measure the two-factor structure of SDO for the Turkish context. For this purpose, SDO7 was applied to 730 participants (222 men, 507 women and one missing) from two different samples. Additionally, an Ambivalent Sexism Scale, General System Justification Scale (sample-1), Gender Related System Justification Scale (sample-2) and a Short Question Form (which was created to determine participants’ levels of support for social welfare, income justice, and war) were also applied. Results of confirmatory factor analysis support a four-factor structure that contains both substantive and methodological items. The results for construct validity showed that SDO, SDO-D, and SDO-E were positively correlated with benevolent and hostile sexism and general system justification (sample-1), and gender related system justification (sample-2). Furthermore, in order to test construct validity the semi-partial correlations between SDO-D and criterion variables and those between SDO-E and criterion variables were compared. Results indicated that, only 3 of the 12 different semi-partial correlation comparisons were significant. These results implied that SDO-D and SDO-E were not consistently different in terms of their relations with the criterion variables measured for this study. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that SDO7 has a four-factor structure that contains both substantive and methodological dimensions of social dominance orientation in Turkey. However, theoretically SDO-E and SDO-D are not clearly separated from one another. Thus, SDO7 can be used as a one-factor scale which includes different aspects of social dominance orientation in Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Aiello, A., Passini, S., Tesi, A., Morselli, D. ve Pratto, F. (2019). Measuring support for intergroup hierarchies: Assessing The psychometric proprieties of the Italian Social Dominance Orientation 7 Scale. TPM: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in AppliedPsychology, 26(3), 373-383. https:// doi.org/10.4473/tpm26.3.4 google scholar
  • Asbrock, F., Gutenbrunner, L. ve Wagner, U. (2013). Unwilling, but not unaffected—Imagined contact effects for authoritarians and social dominators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(5), 404-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1956 google scholar
  • Aziz, A. ve Kamal, A. (2018). Translation and contrasted group validation of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO7-16 Items) Scale into local language. Paradigms, 12(2), 213-217. doi: 10.24312/ paradigms120216 google scholar
  • Avcı, F. (2014). The investigation of attitudes toward the solutıon of Kurdish question in terms of basic human values (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara. google scholar
  • Bareket, O., Kahalon, R., Shnabel, N. ve Glick, P. (2018). The Madonna-whore dichotomy: Men who perceive women’s nurturance and sexuality as mutually exclusive endorse patriarchy and show lower relationship satisfaction. Sex Roles, 79(9-10), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0895-7 google scholar
  • Bassett, J. F. (2010). The effects of mortality salience and social dominance orientation on attitudes toward illegal immigrants. Social Psychology, 41, 52-55. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000008 google scholar
  • Bergh, R., Sidanius, J. ve Sibley, C. G. (2015). Dimensions of social dominance: Their personality and socio-political correlates within a New Zealand probability sample. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 44(2), 25-34. google scholar
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS basic concepts, applications, and programming (Second Ed.). Routledge: NY, London. google scholar
  • Di Meo, A. (2007). Ethnocultural empathy in relation to social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, hypersensitive narcissism and overt narcissism. Dissertation Abstracts International, 67, 6050. google scholar
  • Eagly, A. H., Diekman, A. B., Johannesen-Schmidt, M. C. ve Koenig, A. M. (2004). Gender gaps in sociopolitical attitudes: A social psychological analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(6), 796-816. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.796 google scholar
  • Ellenbroek, M., Verkuyten, M., Thijs, J. ve Poppe, E. (2014). The fairness of national decision-making procedures: The views of adolescents in 18 European countries. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 24(6), 503-517. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2189 google scholar
  • Ercan, N. (2009). Evlilikte kadına yönelik fiziksel şiddete ilişkin tutumların yordayıcıları: Çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik, sistemi meşrulaştırma ve dini yönelim. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar
  • Feather, N. T. ve McKee, I. R (2012). Values, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and ambivalent attitudes toward women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(10), 2479-2504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00950.x google scholar
  • Fischer, R., Hanke, K. ve Sibley, C. G. (2012). Cultural and ınstitutional determinants of social dominance orientation: A cross-cultural meta-analysis of 27 societies. Political Psychology, 33(4), 437-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00884.x google scholar
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.491 google scholar
  • Glick, P. ve Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56(2), 109-118. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.109 google scholar
  • Gutierrez, A. S. (2018). Too many Asians in universities? The effect of social dominance orientation on support for admissions limits. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(3), 393-404. https://doi.org/1 0.1080/00224545.2017.1365685 google scholar
  • Hasta, D. ve Karaçanta, H. (2017) Yetkecilik, sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ve siyasal görüş. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 20(40), 23-34. google scholar
  • Henry, P. J., Sidanius, J., Levin, S. ve Pratto, F. (2005). Social dominance orientation, authoritarianism, and support for intergroup violence between the Middle East and America. Political Psychology, 26(4), 569-583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00432.x google scholar
  • Hindriks, P., Verkuyten, M. ve Coenders, M. (2014). Dimensions of social dominance orientation: The roles of legitimizing myths and national identification. European Journal of Personality, 28(6), 538-549. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1955 google scholar
  • Hittner, J. B., Finger, M. S., Mancuso, J. P. ve Silver, N. C. (1995). A Microsoft FORTRAN 77 program for contrasting part correlations and related statistics. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164495055005010 google scholar
  • Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., Kteily, N., Sheehy-Skeffington, J., Pratto, F., Henkel, K. E., ... ve Stewart, A. L. (2015). The nature of social dominance orientation: Theorizing and measuring preferences for intergroup inequality using the new SDO7 scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(6), 1003-1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000033 google scholar
  • Ho, A. K., Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., Levin, S., Thomsen, L., Kteily, N. ve Sheehy-Skeffington, J. (2012). Social dominance orientation: Revisiting the structure and function of a variable predicting social and political attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(5), 583-606. https://doi. org/10.1177/0146167211432765 google scholar
  • Jost, J. T. ve Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1-27. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01008.x google scholar
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  • Jylha, K. M. ve Akrami, N. (2015). Social dominance orientation and climate change denial: The role of dominance and system justification. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 108-111. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.041 google scholar
  • Karaçanta, H. (2002). Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal baskınlık yönelimi ve başka bazı değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılması (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara. google scholar
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  • Kay, A. C. ve Jost, J. T. (2003). Complementary justice: effects of” poor but happy” and” poor but honest” stereotype exemplars on system justification and implicit activation of the justice motive. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 85(5), 823. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.823 google scholar
  • Kaynak-Malatyalı, M., Kaynak, B. D. ve Hasta, D. (2017). A social dominance theory perspective on attitudes toward girl child marriages in Turkey: The legitimizing role of ambivalent sexism. Sex Roles, 77(8-9), 687-696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0750-2 google scholar
  • Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A. ve Cotterill, S. (2015). The ascent of man: Theoretical and empirical evidence for blatant dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 901931. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000048 google scholar
  • Kugler, M. B., Cooper, J. ve Nosek, B. A. (2010). Group-based dominance and opposition to equality correspond to different psychological motives. Social Justice Research, 23(2-3), 117-155. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11211-010-0112-5 google scholar
  • Langer, M., Vasilopoulos, P., McAvay, H. ve Jost, J. T. (2020). Systemjustification in France: Liberte, egalite, fraternite. Current Opinion inBehavioralSciences, 34, 185-191. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.04.004 google scholar
  • Larsson, M. R., Björklund, F. ve Backström, M. (2012). Right-wing authoritarianism is a risk factor of torture-like abuse, but so is social dominance orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 927-929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.015 google scholar
  • Lee, I. C., Pratto, F. ve Johnson, B. T. (2011). Intergroup consensus/disagreement in support of group-based hierarchy: An examination of socio-structural and psycho-cultural factors. Psychological Bulletin, 137 (6), 1029-1064.https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025410 google scholar
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  • Michinov, N., Dambrun, M., Guimond, S. ve Meot, A. (2005). Social dominance orientation, prejudice, and discrimination: A new computer-based method for studying discriminatory behaviors. Behavior Research Methods, 37(1), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206402 google scholar
  • Osborne, D. ve Davies, P. G. (2009). Social dominance orientation, ambivalent sexism, and abortion: Explaining pro-choice and pro-life attitudes. L. B. Palcroft ve M. V. Lopez (Eds). Personality assessment: New research, içinde (ss. 309-320). Hauppauge, NY: Nova. google scholar
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  • Sidanius, J., Kteily, N., Sheehy-Skeffington, J., Ho, A. K., Sibley, C. ve Duriez, B. (2013). You’re inferior and not worth our concern: The interface between empathy and social dominance orientation. Journal of Personality, 81(3), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12008 google scholar
  • Sidanius, J. ve Pratto, F. (1993). The inevitability of oppression and the dynamics of social dominance. P. Sniderman, P. E. Tetlock ve E. G., Carmines (Ed.), Prejudice, politics, and the American dilemma içinde (s. 173-211). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. google scholar
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  • Yıldırım, N. (2010). Sivil toplum kuruluşu gönüllülerinin adil dünya inançları, sosyal baskınlık yönelimleri ve sistemi meşru algılama düzeyleri. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. google scholar
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Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Bağdat Deniz Kaynak Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0667-2356

Meryem Kaynak Malatyalı Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2467-1207

Derya Hasta Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6299-0666

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Şubat 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaynak, B. D., Kaynak Malatyalı, M., & Hasta, D. (2021). Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Studies in Psychology, 41(1), 301-330. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2020-0108
AMA Kaynak BD, Kaynak Malatyalı M, Hasta D. Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Studies in Psychology. Şubat 2021;41(1):301-330. doi:10.26650/SP2020-0108
Chicago Kaynak, Bağdat Deniz, Meryem Kaynak Malatyalı, ve Derya Hasta. “Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması”. Studies in Psychology 41, sy. 1 (Şubat 2021): 301-30. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2020-0108.
EndNote Kaynak BD, Kaynak Malatyalı M, Hasta D (01 Şubat 2021) Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Studies in Psychology 41 1 301–330.
IEEE B. D. Kaynak, M. Kaynak Malatyalı, ve D. Hasta, “Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması”, Studies in Psychology, c. 41, sy. 1, ss. 301–330, 2021, doi: 10.26650/SP2020-0108.
ISNAD Kaynak, Bağdat Deniz vd. “Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması”. Studies in Psychology 41/1 (Şubat 2021), 301-330. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2020-0108.
JAMA Kaynak BD, Kaynak Malatyalı M, Hasta D. Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Studies in Psychology. 2021;41:301–330.
MLA Kaynak, Bağdat Deniz vd. “Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması”. Studies in Psychology, c. 41, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 301-30, doi:10.26650/SP2020-0108.
Vancouver Kaynak BD, Kaynak Malatyalı M, Hasta D. Yeni Sosyal Baskınlık Yönelimi Ölçeği’nin (SBY7) Türkçeye Uyarlanması. Studies in Psychology. 2021;41(1):301-30.

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680