SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, ORIENTALISM AND THE OTHER

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 16, 27 - 42, 03.02.2012

İsmail Coşkun

Öz

In the most general sense. the subjects of study for sociology, anthropology and orientalism are human societies. However, each of these disciplines focuses on a different type of society historically and as differentiated in time, and have different tields of research. The three disciplines completed their processes of institutionalization in the 19th century and the borders between them and their respective fields of responsibility were defined in broad lines. The change in the West's relationship with its "other"s also brought about a transformation in the borders and relations between the disciplines. The post-World War II re-structuring of relations of dominance changed the expectations from border-disciplines positioned between disciplines. The new expectations engendered a change in the interests and areas of focus of the sciences, too. This article, revolving around the axis of the problem of the "other," focuses on the transformation sociology, anthropology and orientalism, which chose Eastern societies and civilisations as its field of research, underwent.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Birth of social sciences, Sociology, Anthropology, Orientalism, other, new other, the established (old) other

SOSYOLOJİ, ANTROPOLOJİ, ŞARKİYATÇILIK VE ÖTEKİ

Öz

Sosyoloji, antropoloji ve ~arkiyat~lhgm inceleme konulan en genel anlamlyla insan toplumlandlr. Fakat tmihsel olarak ve zaman il(inde farkhla~acak ~ekilde her biri, farkh bir toplum tipi iizerine odaklanml~ ve ayn I(ah~ma sahalarma sahiptirler. Bu lil( disiplin kurumla~ma slirel(lerini 19. ylizyilda tamamlaJm~iar ve boylece aralanndaki smlriar, sorumluiuk alanlan I(ok kahn ~izgilerle belirlenmi~tir. Bu slirel(te her bir disiplinin kimligi ve konumu bali toplumlannm Citekiyle girdigi ili~kinin mahiyeti ile belirlenmektedir. Fakat klasik somlirge sisteminin sona erdigi ve farkh bir dlinya sisteminin ortaya I(lktlgl II. Dlinya Sava~l sonrasmda bu slmrlann ortadan kalktlgl, her UI( disiplinin aym alanda birlikte l(a!J~ma siirecine girdigi gori.ilmektedir. Zira Batmm "Citeki"leriyle ili~kilerinde ya~anan degi~im, disiplinler arasmdaki smlr ve ili~kileri de donii~turmU~ ve disiplinlerden beklentileri degi~tirmi~tir. Bu yazlda sosyoloji, antropoloji ve Dogu toplum ve uygarhklanm kendisine inceleme alam olarak sel(en ~arkiyatl(lhgm "oteki" sorunu ekseninde, gel(irdikleri donli~Um ele ahnmaktadlf. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal bilimlerin doğuşu, Sosyoloji, antropoloji ve şarkiyatçılık, öteki