Supporting Syrian Refugee Children’s Adaptation to Education in Turkey: Psychological Support, Language Skills, Family Support, Extracurricular Social Activities, and Teacher Support

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 381 - 407, 31.12.2021

Eren Suna Zafer Çelik Murat Ağar Emine Eroğlu İsmail Coşkun

Öz

As a result of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Turkey currently hosts approximately four million Syrian immigrants. Since 2011, significant improvements have been made regarding Syrian refugees’ access to accommodations, education, and health and social services. With the closure of Temporary Education Centers (TECs) in 2016 in particular, all Syrian children have begun receiving education in Turkish public schools. During this process, psychosocial support programs have been developed for students and their families to support Syrian children’s adaptation. This study aims to evaluate the Ministry of National Education’s school counseling services for Syrian immigrants based on school counselors’ opinions and suggestions for improvement. Within the scope of qualitative research, interviews have been conducted with 19 school counselors in 15 provinces of Turkey. The findings show school counseling services to have improved remarkably for immigrant students over the last 10 years, while significant areas still remain for improvement. Counselors stated that providing psychological support against trauma, developing an integration program at the national level, and intensifying extracurricular activities will increase the effectiveness of school counseling services. In addition, counselors suggested developing their professional competencies, increasing immigrant families’ involvement in education, and increasing Syrian students’ Turkish language skills.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Syrian immigrants, Counseling, Integration, Psychosocial support, Education

Türkiye’de Suriyeli Göçmen Çocukların Eğitime Uyumlarını Destekleme: Psikolojik Destek, Dil Becerileri, Aile Desteği, Ders Dışı Sosyal Etkinlikler ve Öğretmen Yeterlilikleri

Öz

2011 yılında başlayan Suriye iç savaşı nedeniyle Türkiye halen yaklaşık dört milyon Suriyeli göçmene ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Suriyeli göçmenlerin konaklama, eğitim, sağlık ve sosyal hizmetlere erişimleri ile ilgili çok sayıda iyileştirme yapılmıştır. Özellikle 2016 yılında geçici eğitim merkezlerinin kademeli kapanması ile tüm Suriyeli çocuklar devlet okullarında eğitim almaya başlamıştır. Bu süreçte Suriyeli çocukların uyumlarını desteklemek için öğrenci ve ailelerine yönelik çok sayıda rehberlik ve psikososyal destek programı geliştirilerek uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından sunulan bu hizmetlere yönelik okul psikolojik danışmanlarının görüşleri ve gelişim önerileri değerlendirilmekte ve politika önerileri geliştirilmektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı kullanılmış, 15 farklı ilde görev yapan 19 psikolojik danışmanla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. İçerik analizi bulguları, son on yılda göçmen öğrencilere sunulan rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinde önemli iyileşmelerin sağlandığını ancak hâlâ önemli gelişim alanlarının bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Danışmanlar, travma sonrası psikolojik destek sağlanması, ulusal düzeyde uygulanacak kademeli bir uyum programının geliştirilmesi ve ders dışı sosyal etkinliklerin yoğunlaştırılmasının rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinin niteliğini artıracağını ifade etmiştir. Ayrıca danışmanlar, göçmen öğrencileri daha iyi tanımak ve onlara destek sunmak üzere mesleki yeterliklerinin geliştirilmesini, göçmen ailelerin eğitime yönelik ilgilerinin artırılmasını ve öğrencilerin Türkçe dil becerilerinin desteklenmesini önermişlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suriyeli göçmenler, Rehberlik, Uyum, Psikososyal destek, Eğitim

Kaynakça

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