Sosyal Becerilerin Kavramsallaştırılmasında Yaşanan Zorluklar ve Üniversite-İstihdam İlişkisinde Sosyal Becerilerin Rolü

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 2, 459 - 480, 30.12.2023

Melike Akbıyık

https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0049

Öz

İş yaşamında gerçekleşen değişmelerin sonucunda giderek daha çok gündeme gelen ve gerekli görülen “sosyal beceriler” (soft skills), işe alım ve istihdam aşamasının yanı sıra iş yaşamındaki performans ve başarıda da etkili olmaktadır. Öte yandan “sosyal beceri” kavramı üzerinde henüz net bir uzlaşı oluşmamıştır. Kavramın tanımı ve sınıflandırması konusunda tutarsızlıklar vardır. Farklı disiplinlerde farklı yönleriyle ele alınıp araştırıldığı gibi, belli araştırmacılar tarafından “sosyal beceri” altında kategorize edilen bazı beceriler diğerleri tarafından farklı kavramlarla karşılanmaktadır. Ayrıca iş piyasaları etkili iletişim, eleştirel düşünme, etik anlayış gibi becerilerin üniversite mezunlarında olmasını beklemekte, buna karşılık çok sayıda araştırma üniversitelerin sosyal beceri kazandırmada yetersiz kaldığını gözler önüne sermektedir. Sistematik literatür değerlendirmesi niteliğindeki bu çalışmanın amacı “sosyal beceri” kavramı etrafındaki belirsizlikleri tartışmaya açmak ve bunların giderilmesine katkıda bulunmaktır. Bunun yanında yükseköğrenim ile geliştiği düşünülen bu becerilerin üniversitelerde kazanılma seviyesi ve bu seviyeyi etkileyen faktörlere ilişkin eleştirel bir analiz ortaya konması hedeflenmektedir. Özetle, bu çalışma sosyal beceriler kavramını çevreleyen belirsiz alana ilişkin öngörüler sağlamakta ve bu kavramın açıklığa kavuşturulmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Üniversitelerin bu becerileri edindirmedeki rolünü vurgulamakta ve edinimleri arttırma yöntemlerine öneriler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal beceri, Yetkinlik, Istihdam, Üniversite, Müfredat

Difficulties in Conceptualizing Soft Skills and the Role of Soft Skills in the University–Employment Relationship

Öz

Given the changes in business life, “soft skills,” which are increasingly on the agenda and considered necessary, are effective in the performance and success of business life, including in the recruitment and employment phase. From another aspect, no clear consensus exists on the concept of “soft skills” yet. The definition and classification of this concept are inconsistent. In addition, job markets expect university graduates to have skills such as effective communication, critical thinking, and ethical understanding. However, many studies revealed that universities are insufficient in providing these soft skills. This study aims to open the ambiguities around the “soft skills” concept to discussion and contribute to their elimination through a systematic literature review. Furthermore, the study aims to present a critical analysis of the acquisition level of these skills at universities and the factors affecting this level. In summary, this study provides insights into the ambiguous area surrounding the soft skills concept and contributes to clarifying this concept. The study emphasizes the role of universities in acquiring these skills and offers suggestions for ways to increase acquisitions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soft skills, Competence, Employment, University, Curriculum

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