Mekânın Neoliberal Dönüşümü ve Sokak Sosyal Hizmet

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2, 849 - 880, 31.12.2024

Yüksel Bekaroğlu Doğan

https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2024.44.2.0687

Öz

Kentsel kamusal alanların düzenlenmesinde ticarileştirme, özelleştirme, güvenlikleştirme ve erişimle ilgili neoliberal şehircilik eğilimleri, sokak sosyal hizmetinin doğasını derinden etkilemiştir. Bu bağlamda karşılaşılan iki temel sorunsaldan birincisi, kamusal kentsel mekânın neoliberal dönüşüm stratejilerinin, sokak popülasyonunun gündelik yaşam deneyimleri ve sokak sosyal hizmetinin yöntemiyle ilgili olumsuz etkileridir. İkinci sorunsal ise, güvenlik ve düzen söylemi çerçevesinde sokak sosyal hizmetinin araçsallaştırılmasıyla ortaya çıkan mesleki etik çelişkilerdir. Sokak sosyal hizmeti temas kurma, bağlantılandırma, zararı azaltma hedefleriyle uzmanın kamusal kentsel mekânlarda inisiyatif alarak aktif olarak müracaatçı aradığı, düşük eşikli ve savunucu bir uygulamadır. Sokak sosyal hizmeti savunmasız kişi ve gruplara ulaşmayı amaçlayan bir müdahale biçimi olarak toplumsal eşitsizlikleri hafifletme potansiyeline sahipken, aynı zamanda denetim ve normatif baskılara yol açabilecek müdahaleler de içerebilmektedir. Bu nedenle uygulama devletin kamu düzeni politikaları ile savunmasız grupların haklarını savunma misyonu arasında çelişkili bir pozisyonda yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, kentsel kamusal mekânlarda gerçekleştirilen sokak sosyal hizmeti pratiklerinin özellikle neoliberal şehircilik eğilimi ile ortaya çıkan çelişkilerini ve potansiyellerini Lefebvre’in “mekânın üretimi” ve “kent hakkı” kavramlarına referansla incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışma, sokak sosyal hizmetinin kentsel kamusal alandaki rolünü, bu hizmetin potansiyel etkilerini ve uygulama sürecinde karşılaşılan etik ve metodolojik zorlukları tartışmaktadır. Çalışmanın çerçevesi kamusal mekânın sosyal işlevi, kamusal kentsel mekânın neoliberal dönüşüm stratejileri, güvenlik politikaları ve sosyal hizmet uygulamalarının eleştirel analizi üzerinden oluşturulmuştur. Makale metodolojik ve meslek etiği açısından eleştirel ve düşünümsel bir yaklaşımla, sokak sosyal hizmetinin daha adil bir kent mekânı yaratma mücadelesinde oynayabileceği rolü ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sokak sosyal hizmet, Sosyal hizmet etiği, Düşünümsel uygulama, Neoliberal şehircilik, Denetim ve güvenlik politikaları, Kentsel kamusal mekân, Mekânın üretimi, Kent hakkı

Street Social Work, Neoliberal Urbanism, and the Production of Space: Methodological Challenges, Ethical Contradictions, and Potentials

Öz

Neoliberal urban trends such as commercialization, privatization, securitization, and restricted access in the organization of public spaces have profoundly shaped the practice of street social work. Two main issues arise in this context. First, neoliberal strategies that transform urban public spaces negatively impact both the everyday experiences of the street population and the methodologies employed in street social work. Second, ethical contradictions emerge when street social work is instrumentalized within discourses of security and public order. Street social work is a low-threshold, outreach-based practice where professionals actively engage with clients in public spaces, aiming to establish contact, foster connections, and reduce harm. While this approach has the potential to address social inequalities by reaching vulnerable individuals and groups, it can also involve interventions that lead to control and normative pressures. As a result, street social work occupies a contradictory position, balancing between the state’s public order policies and its core mission to defend the rights of marginalized populations. This study examines the contradictions and potentials of street social work within urban public spaces, particularly in the context of neoliberal urbanism. The analysis draws on Lefebvre’s concepts of the “production of space” and the “right to the city.” Within this framework, the study explores the role of street social work in public spaces, its potential impacts, and the ethical and methodological challenges that arise during its implementation. The study is grounded in a critical analysis of the social function of public space, neoliberal strategies for urban transformation, security policies, and social service practices. Adopting a critical and reflexive perspective on methodology and professional ethics, this article highlights the role street social work can play in advocating for a more equitable urban environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Street social work, Social work ethics, Reflective practice, Neoliberal urbanism, Control and security policies, Urban public space, Production of space, Right to the city

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