Disadvantaged Groups in Japan, the Architect of Society 5.0: Freeter, Hikikomori, and Parasaito Shinguru

Öz

Although humanity has experienced many positive developments from Society 1.0 to Society 5.0, it has also encountered various problems in every historical period. Due to these problems, certain segments of society have always been in a disadvantaged position. This disadvantageousness may be attributed to numerous socio-economic factors. Furthermore, some cultural codes in societies also contribute to deepening this disadvantageousness. In this context, even in a developed country such as Japan, which is the architect of Society 5.0, disadvantaged groups exist due to social, economic, and demographic problems. In addition, Japan’s socio-cultural structure has also impacted the emergence of some disadvantaged groups. Especially the increasing elderly population, problems in the labor market, changing marital dynamics, and decreasing fertility rate have caused many economic, demographic, and social problems. Within the scope of this study focused on disadvantaged groups in Japan, we explored them in the context of young, middle-aged, and old people. These groups are freeter/ furita, hikikomori, and parasaito shinguru/parasite single. Finally, the kodoku-shi problem that emerges with the increasing aging population was investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hikikomori
• Freeter
• Parasaito Shinguru
• Japan
• Disadvantaged Groups

Toplum 5.0’ın Mimarı Japonya’da Dezavantajlı Gruplar: Freeter, Hikikomori ve Parasaito Shinguru

Öz

İnsanlık Toplum 1.0’dan Toplum 5.0’a kadar birçok olumlu gelişme yaşamasına rağmen tarihin her döneminde çeşitli sorunlarla da karşılaşmıştır. Yaşanan bu sorunlar neticesinde toplumun belli kesimleri her zaman dezavantajlı konumda olmuştur. Bu dezavantajlılık, sosyo-ekonomik birçok sebebe bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Diğer yandan toplumlardaki belli başlı kültürel kodların varlığı da bu dezavantajlılığın derinleşmesinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Toplum 5.0’ın mimarı olan Japonya gibi gelişmiş bir ülkede bile sosyal, ekonomik ve demografik sorunlara bağlı olarak dezavantajlı gruplar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Ayrıca bazı dezavantajlı grupların ortaya çıkmasında Japonya’nın sosyo-kültürel yapısı da etkili olmaktadır. Özellikle artan yaşlı nüfus, işgücü piyasasında yaşanan sorunlar, evlilik dinamiklerinin değişmesi, doğurganlık oranının azalması gibi sorunlar; ekonomik, demografik ve sosyal birçok problemin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Japonya’daki dezavantajlı gruplar; gençler, orta yaşlılar ve yaşlılar bağlamında değerlendirilecektir. Bu gruplar “freeter/furita”, “hikikomori” ve “parasaito shinguru/parasite single” durumundaki bireylerdir. Çalışmada son olarak artan yaşlanan nüfusla beraber ortaya çıkan “kodokushi” sorunu değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hikikomori
• Freeter
• Parasaito Shinguru
• Japonya
• Dezavantajlı Gruplar

Kaynakça

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