The Importance of the “Social Agenda” in the G20 Decision-Making: Increasing or Decreasing

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 87, 142 - 157, 31.12.2024

Neşe Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2024.87.1462052

Öz

This study examines social agenda coverage, place, and role in the decision-making process in the G20. The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth exploration of the extent of ways and means by which social policy issues find a place in the G20, which is called the premier forum for international economic cooperation. This research will discuss the extent to which the G20 includes social issues, especially labour, social dialogue and social governance issues. The study’s central question is whether the G20 is placing an increasing or decreasing role in the social agenda. The study employs a methodology that analyzes the G20 documents and final declarations and examines the data on the G20 commitments and observations made at the G20. The study concludes that although the primary focus is on economic and financial issues, the G20 makes serious efforts to address social issues. It underlines that the G20 is an organisation that focuses on more social dimensions than previously thought and emphasises the importance of continuous cooperation between member states and participation groups to tackle the world’s most fundamental social problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

G20, L20, Engagement Groups, Social Mechanisms in the G20, Social Policies in the G20

Kaynakça

• Benson R. & Zurn M. (2019) Untapped potential: How the G20 can strengthen global governance, South African Journal of International Affairs, 26:4, 549-562, DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2019.1694576 google scholar
• Berger,A., Cooper A. F & Grimm S. (2019) A decade of G20 summitry: Assessing the benefits, limitations and future of global club governance in turbulent times, South African Journal of International Affairs, 26:4, 493-504, DOI:10.1080/10220461.2019.1705889 google scholar
• Bilotta N. & Botti, F. (2021), The Role of the G20 in Promoting Global Governance: Challenges and Opportunities for the Italian Presidency in 2021, In Ettore Greco, Fabrizio Botti and Nicola Bilotta (Eds), Global Governance At a Turning Point. The Role of the G20, (pp 25-37), ISSN 2611-867X, IAI Research Studies, Instituto Affari Internazionali https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iairs_5.pdf google scholar
• Chodor, T. (2020), The G20’s engagement with civil society: participation without contestation? Globalizations,17:6, 903-916, DOI:10.1080/14747731.2019.1702804 google scholar
• ÇSGB, (2024), 6356 Sayılı Sendikalar ve Toplu İş Sözleşmesi Kanunu Gereğince, İşkollarındaki İsçi Sayıları ve Sendikaların Üye Sayılarına İlişkin 2024 Ocak Ayı İstatistikleri HakkındaTebliğ, Resmi Gazete Sayı: 32446, 31 Ocak 2024 Çarşamba google scholar
• Evans, J. (2018). labor union policy advocacy with the G20, 2008-2018. https://www.ituc-csi.org/ten-years-of-trade-union-policy?lang=en google scholar
• EUROSTAT, (2024), Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at national level google scholar
• https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind__custom_12063871/bookmark/table?lang=en&bookmarkId=d5dd5d53-0cb2-4584-a444-73ceef9aeab3 google scholar
• G20 Information Centre (n.d.), G20 Analysis http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/index.html#commitments google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2023), The G20 New Delhi Summit’s Significant Performance, John Kirton, G20 Research Group, September 14, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20240222022905/https://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/230914-kirton-performance.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2022), The 2022 G20 Bali Summit Commitments, Identified by Brittaney Warren, December 13, 2022. https: //web.archive.org/web/20240222023000/https://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/commitments-22-bali.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2021), The 2021 G20 Rome Summit Commitments, Identified by Brittaney Warren, October 31, 2021. https: //web.archive.org/web/20240127072226/http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/commitments-21-rome.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2020), The 2020 G20 Riyadh Summit Commitments, Identified by Brittaney Warren, November 22, 2020. https: //web.archive.org/web/20240222023209/https://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/commitments-20-riyadh.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2019), The 2019 G20 Osaka Summit Commitments, Identified by Brittaney Warren, July 1, 2019. https://web.archive. org/web/20240130144414/http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/commitments-19-osaka.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2018), The 2018 G20 Buenos Aires Summit Commitments Identified by Brittaney Warren, December 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20240130144416/http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/commitments- 18-buenosaires.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2017), The 2017 G20 Hamburg Summit Commitments, Identified by Brittaney Warren, October 4, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20240130144420/http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/commitments-17-hamburg.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2016), The 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit Commitments, Identified by Brittaney Warren, October 5, 2016. https: //web.archive.org/web/20240130144423/http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/commitments-16-hangzhou.html google scholar
• G20 Information Centre, (2015), G20 Summit Commitments by Issue: 2008 to 2015, G20 Research Group, December 14, 2015. https: //web.archive.org/web/20240222023438/https://www.g20.utoronto.ca/compliance/commitments.html google scholar
• G20 Leaders’ Communique, (2014), The 2014 G20 Brisbane Summit Commitments, http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/ commitments- 14-brisbane.html google scholar
• G20 Leaders’ Communique (2015), The 2014 G20 Antalya Summit Commitments (2015) http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/ commitments-15-antalya.html google scholar
• G20 Meeting of G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, Berlin, December 15-16 1999 Communique, http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/ 1999/1999communique.pdf google scholar
• Hamadeh N., Rompaey V.R. & Metreau E, (2023), World Bank Group country classifications by income level for FY24 (July 1, 2023-June 30, 2024) google scholar
• ILO (2021), World Social Protection Report 2020-22: Social Protection at the Crossroads-in Pursuit of a Better Future. Geneva google scholar
• ILOa (n.d.), What is the social protection inter-agency cooperation board? https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/- - - dgreports/- - - nylo/ documents/genericdocument/wcms_301456.pdf google scholar
• ILOb, (n.d.), SDG indicator 1.3.1 - Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems (%) -Annual, https://rshiny.ilo.org/ dataexplorer57/?lang=en&id=SDG_0131_SEX_SOC_RT_A google scholar
• ILOc, (n.d.), Statistics on social dialogue, https://ilostat.ilo.org/topics/industrial-relations/ google scholar
• ILO, OECD (2018), Promoting adequate social protection and social security coverage for all workers, including those in non-standard forms of employment, 20-22 February 2018 Buenos Aires, Argentina google scholar
• Jang, J., McSparren, J. & Rashchupkina, Y. (2016), Global governance: present and future. Palgrave Commun 2, 15045 (2016). https://doi.org/ 10.1057/palcomms.2015.45 google scholar
• Kaasch, A. & Martens K. (2015) (eds), Actors and Agency in Global Social Governance, In Alexandra Kaasch, and Kerstin Martens (eds), Actors and Agency in Global Social Governance (Oxford, 2015; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Nov. 2015), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof: oso/9780198743996.003.0001 google scholar
• Kaul, Igne (2019), The G20 @10: Time to shift gears, South African Journal of International Affairs, 563-582, DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2019.1694577 google scholar
• Keyman, F., (2022), Küresel Yönetişim, In Yekta Saraç (Ed), Sosyal Bilimler Ansiklopedisi 2. Cilt (F-K), TÜBİTAK Bilim Yayınları 2. Basım Ekim 2022 google scholar
• Kirton, J., Kulik, J. and Bracht, C. (2015). Slowly Succeeding—G20 Social Policy Governance. In A. Kassch and K. Martens (Eds.), Actors and agency in global social governance (pp. 153-172). (Oxford, 2015; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Nov. 2015), https://doi.org/10.1093/ acprof:oso/9780198743996.003.0008 google scholar
• London Summit Leaders’ Declaration (2009), London Summit Leaders’ Declaration, 2 April 2009, https://g7g20-documents.org/fileadmin/ G7G20_documents/2009/G20/United%20Kingdom/Leaders/1%20Leaders’ %20Language/London%20Summit%20- %20Leaders’ %20Statement_02042009.pdf google scholar
• Luckhurst, J. (2019), Governance networks shaping the G20 through inclusivity practises, South African Journal of International Affairs, Vol 26, issue 4, pp. 521-547 DOI: 10.1080/10220461.2019.1699159 google scholar
• OECD (n.d.) https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?DataSetCode google scholar
• OPHI-UNDP (2023), Global Multidimentional Poverty Index 2023, Unstakling Global Poverty: Data For High Impact Action. google scholar
• Platt, L. (n.d.), What is social policy, International, interdisciplinary and applied https://www.lse.ac.uk/social-policy/about-us/ What-is-social-policy#:~:text=Social%20policy%20is%20concerned%20with,of%20poverty%2C%20migration%20and%20globalisation google scholar
• Report of G7 Finance Ministers to the Köln Economic Summit, (1999), Cologne, Germany, 18- 20 June 1999 http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/finance/ fm061999.htm google scholar
• Sachs, J.D., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., & Drumm, E. (2023). Implementing the SDG Stimulus. Sustainable Development Report 2023. Paris: SDSN, Dublin: Dublin University Press, 2023. 10.25546/102924 google scholar
• Slaughter S. (2019), Introduction: theorizing the G20, In Steven Slaughter (Ed.), The G20 And International Relations Theory Perspectives On Global Summitry https://china.elgaronline.com/edcollbook/edcoll/9781786432643/9781786432643.xml google scholar
• Slaughter, S. (2020), The Power of the G20 The Politics of Legitimacy in Global Governance, First published 2020 by Routledge ISBN: 978-0-367-15174-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-05546-1 (ebk) google scholar
• The Pittsburgh Summit, (2009), G20 Leaders Statement http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2009/2009communique0925.html google scholar
• UNECE, (n.d.), Proportion of population covered by at least one social protection benefit, %, https://w3.unece.org/SDG/en/Indicator?id=37 google scholar
• Washington Summit, (2008), Declaration of the Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy, Washington DC, November 15, 2008 http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2008/2008declaration1115.html google scholar
• World Bank (2024a), Gross domestic product 2023, World Development Indicatos Database, 1 July 2024, https://datacatalogfiles.worldbank. org/ddh-published/0038130/DR0046441/GDP.pdf?versionId=2024-07-01T12:42:23.8710032Z google scholar
• World Bank (2024b), Gross National Income Per Capita 2023, Atlas Method and PPP, https://datacatalogfiles.worldbank.org/ddh-published/ 0038128/DR0046435/GNIPC.pdf?versionId=2024-07-01T12:43:25.7145590Z google scholar
• World Bank1 (n.d.), GDP (Current US $), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD google scholar
• World Bank2 (n.d.), Population, Total, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL google scholar
• World Bank3 (n.d.), Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY google scholar
• Worldometer (2023), https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ google scholar
• https://w3.unece.org/SDG/en/Indicator?id=37 google scholar
• https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/rankings google scholar