Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Depictions of Sibyl as Representative of Oracle Woman in Western Painting

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 29, 171 - 199, 30.06.2020

Öz

The theme of the Sibyls, which has an important place in Western painting, is encountered in their many depictions in various fields. Sibyl is a general name used for female oracles who were thought to have prophesied directly by the inspiration of God. At first, only one Sibyl was mentioned, but they increased in the course of time. The depictions of a Sibyl occupying a significant part in Western paintings, and play an important role in various religious themes in Christian art, as well as in scenes related to mythological stories, including the figures of the female oracle in the pagan era. Because they were thought to have made various prophecies about Jesus, they were respected as prophets at the beginning of Christianity, and they were used frequently in Christian art, either alone or together with prophets. Consequently, we see these oracle women, who are also given great importance by Christians, in a wide range from walls to altars, and from books to canvas. This study, which first gives information about the identity of the Sibyls and the collection of the so-called Sibylline Books, then tries to examine and interpret iconographically the depictions of the Sibyls in different periods and fields, as considering mythological and religious scenes.

Kaynakça

  • Blum, Shirley Neilsen, Early Netherlandish Triptychs: A Study in Patronage, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969.
  • Bourne, Ella, “The Messianic Prophecy in Vergil’s Fourth Eclogue”, The Classical Journal, Vol. 11, No. 7, 1916, s. 390-400.
  • Buitenwerf, Rieuwerd, Book Three of the Sibylline Oracles and Its Social Setting: With An Introduction, Translation And Commentary, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2003.
  • Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
  • Carter, Jesse Benedict, The Religion of Numa: And Other Essays On The Religion of Ancient Rome, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906.
  • Collins, J. Joseph, Seers, Sibyls, and Sages in Hellenistic-Roman Judaism, Brill Academic Publisher, Boston-Leiden, 2001.
  • Cust, Robert H. Hobart, The Pavement Masters of Siena, George Bell And Sons, London, 1901.
  • De Voragine, Jacobus, The Golden Legend, Vol. 1, Grand Rapids, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, 1900.
  • Frazer, J. G., The Golden Bough: A Study In Comparative Religion, Vol. 1, Macmillan and Co., New York-London, 1894.
  • Haight, Elizabeth Hazelton, “An ‘Inspired Message’ in the Augustan Poets”, The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 39, No. 4, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1918, s. 341-366.
  • Halliday, William Reginald, Lectures On The History of Roman Religion: From Numa to Augustus, Hodder And Stoughton, London, 1922.
  • Husenbeth, F. C., Emblems of Saints: By Which They Are Distinguished in Works of Art, A. H. Goose and Company, Norwich, 1882.
  • Jaffe, Irma B.; Colombardo, Gernando, Shining Eyes, Cruel Fortune: The Lives and Loves of Italian Renaissance Women Poets, Fordham University Press, New York, 2002.
  • Jolly, Penny Howell: “Jan van Eyck’s Italian Pilgrimage: A Miraculous Florentine Annunciation and the Ghent Altarpiece”, Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, 61. Bd., H. 3, 1998, s. 369-394. La Farge, John, The Gospel Story In Art, The Macmillian Company, New York, 1913.
  • Luigi, Tombolini, The Sixtine Chapel: Critic And Art, Cooperativa Tipografica Manuzio, Rome, 1908.
  • Malay, Jessica L., Prophecy and Sibylline Imagery in the Renaissance: Shakespeare’s Sibyls, Routledge, New York, 2010.
  • Manas, John H., Divination Ancient And Modern: An Historical, Archaeological and Philosophical Approach to Seership and Christian Religion, Pthagorean Society, New York, 1947.
  • Monteiro, Mariana, “As David And The Sibyls Say”: A Sketch of The Sibyls And The Sibylline Oracles, Sands and Co., London, 1905.
  • Morrill, Penny C., The Casa Del Deán: New World Imagery in a Sixteenth-Century Mexican Mural Cycle, University Of Texas Press, Austin, 2014.
  • Nilsson, Martin P., Greek Folk Religion, Harper Torchbooks, New York, 1961.
  • Noreen, Kirstin, “The High Altar of Santa Maria in Aracoeli: Recontextualizing a Medieval Icon in PostTridentine Rome”, Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 53, 2008, s. 99-128.
  • Phillipps, Evelyn March, The Frescoes In The Sixtine Chapel, John Murray, London, 1907.
  • Ridderbos, Bernhard; Van Buren, Anne; Van Veen, Henk (Ed.), Early Netherlandish paintings: Rediscovery, Reception and Research, Amsterdam, Amstardam University Press, 2005.
  • Robbins, Frank Egleston, “The Lot Oracle at Delphi”, Classical Philology, Vol. 11, No.3, The University of Chicago Press, 1916, s. 278-292.
  • Schubring, Paul, The Sistine Chapel, J. Frank and O. Dittman, Rome, 1910. Showerman, Grant, The Great Mother of The Gods, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1901.
  • Taylor, Henry Osborn, The Classical Heritage of The Middle Ages, The Columbia University Press, New York, 1903.
  • Terry, Milton S., The Sibylline Oracles: Translated From The Greek Into English Blank Verse, Eaton and Mains Press, New York, 1899.
  • Tilley, Arthur, The Dawn of The French Renaissance, Cambridge University Press, London, 1918.
  • Tytler, Sarah, The Old Masters And Their Pictures: For The Use of Schools And Learners In Art, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1905.

Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 29, 171 - 199, 30.06.2020

Öz

Batı resminde önemli bir tema olan Sibyller’in farklı alanlarda gerçekleştirilmiş pek çok betimiyle karşılaşılmaktadır. Sibyl, Antik Dönem’de belli bir tapınağa bağlı olmayıp doğrudan tanrı esini altında kehanet verdiği düşünülen kadın kâhinler için kullanılan genel bir addır. Başlarda tek bir Sibyl’in varlığından bahsedilirken zamanla bu sayı artar ve farklı yerlerde farklı zamanlarda yaşamış, bulundukları kentin adıyla anılan çeşitli Sibyller ortaya çıkar. Batı resminde kayda değer bir alan işgal eden Sibyl betimleri, pagan dönemin kâhin kadın figürleri olarak mitolojik hikâyelerle ilgili sahnelerin yanı sıra Hristiyan sanatı içinde çeşitli dinsel konulu sahnelerde de kendilerine büyük yer bulur. Zira onların da, tıpkı peygamberler gibi İsa ile ilgili çeşitli kehanetlerde bulundukları düşünülmüştür. Dolayısıyla pagan figürler olmalarına rağmen Hristiyanlığın başlangıcında adeta peygamber gibi saygı görmüşler ve Hristiyan sanatında tek başlarına ya da peygamberlerle birlikte olmak üzere sıkça kullanılmışlardır. Nihayetinde Hristiyanlar tarafından da büyük önem atfedilen bu kadınlar duvarlardan altarlara, kitaplardan tuvallere kadar geniş bir yelpazede karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. İlk olarak Sibyller’in kimliği ve Sibyl Kitapları olarak adlandırılan kehanet koleksiyonu hakkında bilgi veren bu çalışma, sonrasında mitolojik ve dini sahneler üzerinden farklı dönemlerde ve alanlarda gerçekleştirilmiş Sibyl betimlerini incelemekte ve ikonografik olarak değerlendirmeye çalışmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Blum, Shirley Neilsen, Early Netherlandish Triptychs: A Study in Patronage, University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969.
  • Bourne, Ella, “The Messianic Prophecy in Vergil’s Fourth Eclogue”, The Classical Journal, Vol. 11, No. 7, 1916, s. 390-400.
  • Buitenwerf, Rieuwerd, Book Three of the Sibylline Oracles and Its Social Setting: With An Introduction, Translation And Commentary, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2003.
  • Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion: Archaic and Classical, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
  • Carter, Jesse Benedict, The Religion of Numa: And Other Essays On The Religion of Ancient Rome, The Macmillan Company, London, 1906.
  • Collins, J. Joseph, Seers, Sibyls, and Sages in Hellenistic-Roman Judaism, Brill Academic Publisher, Boston-Leiden, 2001.
  • Cust, Robert H. Hobart, The Pavement Masters of Siena, George Bell And Sons, London, 1901.
  • De Voragine, Jacobus, The Golden Legend, Vol. 1, Grand Rapids, Christian Classics Ethereal Library, 1900.
  • Frazer, J. G., The Golden Bough: A Study In Comparative Religion, Vol. 1, Macmillan and Co., New York-London, 1894.
  • Haight, Elizabeth Hazelton, “An ‘Inspired Message’ in the Augustan Poets”, The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 39, No. 4, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1918, s. 341-366.
  • Halliday, William Reginald, Lectures On The History of Roman Religion: From Numa to Augustus, Hodder And Stoughton, London, 1922.
  • Husenbeth, F. C., Emblems of Saints: By Which They Are Distinguished in Works of Art, A. H. Goose and Company, Norwich, 1882.
  • Jaffe, Irma B.; Colombardo, Gernando, Shining Eyes, Cruel Fortune: The Lives and Loves of Italian Renaissance Women Poets, Fordham University Press, New York, 2002.
  • Jolly, Penny Howell: “Jan van Eyck’s Italian Pilgrimage: A Miraculous Florentine Annunciation and the Ghent Altarpiece”, Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, 61. Bd., H. 3, 1998, s. 369-394. La Farge, John, The Gospel Story In Art, The Macmillian Company, New York, 1913.
  • Luigi, Tombolini, The Sixtine Chapel: Critic And Art, Cooperativa Tipografica Manuzio, Rome, 1908.
  • Malay, Jessica L., Prophecy and Sibylline Imagery in the Renaissance: Shakespeare’s Sibyls, Routledge, New York, 2010.
  • Manas, John H., Divination Ancient And Modern: An Historical, Archaeological and Philosophical Approach to Seership and Christian Religion, Pthagorean Society, New York, 1947.
  • Monteiro, Mariana, “As David And The Sibyls Say”: A Sketch of The Sibyls And The Sibylline Oracles, Sands and Co., London, 1905.
  • Morrill, Penny C., The Casa Del Deán: New World Imagery in a Sixteenth-Century Mexican Mural Cycle, University Of Texas Press, Austin, 2014.
  • Nilsson, Martin P., Greek Folk Religion, Harper Torchbooks, New York, 1961.
  • Noreen, Kirstin, “The High Altar of Santa Maria in Aracoeli: Recontextualizing a Medieval Icon in PostTridentine Rome”, Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, Vol. 53, 2008, s. 99-128.
  • Phillipps, Evelyn March, The Frescoes In The Sixtine Chapel, John Murray, London, 1907.
  • Ridderbos, Bernhard; Van Buren, Anne; Van Veen, Henk (Ed.), Early Netherlandish paintings: Rediscovery, Reception and Research, Amsterdam, Amstardam University Press, 2005.
  • Robbins, Frank Egleston, “The Lot Oracle at Delphi”, Classical Philology, Vol. 11, No.3, The University of Chicago Press, 1916, s. 278-292.
  • Schubring, Paul, The Sistine Chapel, J. Frank and O. Dittman, Rome, 1910. Showerman, Grant, The Great Mother of The Gods, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1901.
  • Taylor, Henry Osborn, The Classical Heritage of The Middle Ages, The Columbia University Press, New York, 1903.
  • Terry, Milton S., The Sibylline Oracles: Translated From The Greek Into English Blank Verse, Eaton and Mains Press, New York, 1899.
  • Tilley, Arthur, The Dawn of The French Renaissance, Cambridge University Press, London, 1918.
  • Tytler, Sarah, The Old Masters And Their Pictures: For The Use of Schools And Learners In Art, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1905.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hilal Susamcı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8550-6865

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA Susamcı, H. (2020). Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı(29), 171-199.
AMA Susamcı H. Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı. Haziran 2020;(29):171-199.
Chicago Susamcı, Hilal. “Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri”. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı, sy. 29 (Haziran 2020): 171-99.
EndNote Susamcı H (01 Haziran 2020) Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı 29 171–199.
IEEE H. Susamcı, “Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri”, Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı, sy. 29, ss. 171–199, Haziran 2020.
ISNAD Susamcı, Hilal. “Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri”. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı 29 (Haziran 2020), 171-199.
JAMA Susamcı H. Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı. 2020;:171–199.
MLA Susamcı, Hilal. “Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri”. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı, sy. 29, 2020, ss. 171-99.
Vancouver Susamcı H. Batı Resminde Kâhin Kadının Temsili Olarak Sibyl Betimleri. Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı. 2020(29):171-99.