Doğu Egzotizmi: Bir Turist ve Anti-Turist Olarak Thackeray

Yıl 2021, , 131 - 148, 15.02.2021

Valerie Kennedy

https://doi.org/10.26650/iutd.739799

Öz

William Makepeace Thackeray’in 1846 tarihli Notes on a Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo keşfin turizmle (ve turizm karşıtlığıyla) birlikte yer aldığı on dokuzuncu yüzyıl seyahat yazılarının karmaşıklığına örnek teşkil eder. İzmir, İstanbul, Kahire gibi Osmanlı şehirlerinde yazarın Doğu egzotizmi hevesi, Doğu’nun giderek modernleşmesi ve Batılılaşmasıyla ancak bazen gerçekleşmekte, fakat çoğu zaman hayal kırıklığıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu çelişkili bakış açıları imalarla, Doğu-Batı karşılaştırmalarıyla, mahcup ve güvenilmez bir anlatı dâhilinde ironi ve taşlamayla aktarılır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oryantalizm, emperyalizm, ilerleme, turizm, egzotizm, ima

Eastern Exoticism: Thackeray as Tourist and Anti-Tourist

Öz

William Makepeace Thackeray’s 1846 Notes on a Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo exemplifies the complexity of nineteenth-century travel-writing where exploration exists alongside tourism (and anti-tourism). In key Ottoman locations like Smyrna, Constantinople, and Cairo, the narrator’s desire for Oriental exoticism is sometimes realised but often disappointed as the East becomes increasingly modernised and Westernised. These conflicting perspectives are expressed through allusions, East-West comparisons, and irony and satire in a self-conscious and unstable narrative.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orientalism, imperialism, progress, tourism

Kaynakça

• Behdad, Ali. Belated Travelers: Orientalism in the Age of Colonial Dissolution. Duke University Press, Durham, 1994.
• Buzard, James. The Beaten Track: European Tourism, Literature, and the Ways to ‘Culture’, 1800-1918. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993.
• Colman, George, the Younger. Blue Beard; or, Female Curiosity, 6th Edition, T. Collins, London, 1806 (1798). https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10062016-blue-beard-or-female-curiosity. Last accessed 18 May 2020.
• Daniel, Norman. Islam Europe and Empire. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1966.
• ‘ghazal’. Oxford English Dictionary. https://www-oed-com.nls.idm.oclc.org/view/Entry/78044?redirected From=ghazal#eid. Last accessed 21 April 2020. Grosrichard, Alain. The Sultan’s Court: European Fantasies of the East, trans. Liz Heron. Verso, London and New York, 1998 (1979).
• Hampson, Robert. ‘Thackeray as Travel-Writer’, The Yearbook of English Studies, Vol. 34, (2004), pp. 214- 229.
• Horace. Odes.
• Hunt, Leigh, ed. The Tatler: A Daily Journal of Literature and the Stage, J. Onwhyn, London, 1830. Vol. 1, 112. https:// books.google.co.uk/books?id=YioTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=Baker+and+Diddear&sour ce=bl&ots=EUr3k4ylC3&sig=ACfU3U0GtZtt8Wf6gQV93TWQ-KOVocTkLw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijwb7- nrDoAhWJgVwKHZBVCOkQ6AEwAnoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=Baker%20and%20 Diddear&f=false. Last accessed 21 April 2020.
• Kinglake, Eothen: or Traces of Travel, Brought Home from the East. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1982 (1844).
• Lane, William Edward. Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians. London, 1836.
• https://scholarship. rice.edu/jsp/xml/1911/9176/71/lanma1890.tei-timea.html#top. Last accessed 04 April 2020. ‘London,’ The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia (1832), Vol 12, p. 228. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id= PttEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228&dq=%E2%80%98splendidly+illuminated+at+night+...+with+about+15,000+glass+lamps%E2%80%99&source=bl&ots=huXfoQD4Ss&sig=ACfU3U2MU nAwnMCdDFkCfUamJLnBQ7_LGA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHt8nBo_noAhWZQUEAHWSc AOMQ6AEwDHoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%98splendidly%20illuminated%20at%20 night%20...%20with%20about%2015%2C000%20glass%20lamps%E2%80%99&f=false. Last accessed 21 April 2020.
• Ormond, Leonee. ‘Cayenne and Cream Tarts: W. M. Thackeray and R L. Stevenson,’ in Peter L. Caracciolo, (ed.) Arabian Nights in English Literature: Studies in the Reception of The Thousand and One Nights into British Culture. Macmillan, London, 1988, pp. 178-96.
• Perkin, J. Russell. ‘Thackeray and Orientalism: Cornhill to Cairo and The Newcomes’ English Studies in Canada, 16: 3 (September 1990): pp. 297-313.
• Said, Edward W. Orientalism. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1978.
• ‘Sardanapalus.’ Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sardanapalus-legendary-kingof- Assyria. Last accessed 21 April 2020.
• Tennyson, Alfred. ‘A Fragment’ (1831). The Suppressed Poems of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. https://archive. org/stream/suppressedpoemso00tennrich/suppressedpoemso00tennrich_djvu.txt. Last accessed 21 April 2020.
• Thackeray, William Makepeace. Notes on a Journey from Cornhill to Grand Cairo. https://ia802701.us.archive.org/33/items/notesajourneyfr00thacgoog/notesajourneyfr00thacgoog.pdf. Last accessed May 2, 2020.
• Thackeray, William Makepeace. (‘The Fat Contributor’), ‘Punch at the Pyramids.” Punch Vols. 8-9 (1 and 8 Feb. 1845), pp. 61, 75. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HnRHtOyMi24C&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61 &dq =%E2%80%98Punch+at+the+Pyramids%27&source=bl&ots=KOSf9m835U&sig=ACfU3U1ONUVm Iznzm__ALwR9AMd5-4ZVPA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP6rfxqPnoAhVGi1wKHSNhBPIQ 6AEwDnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%E2%80%98Punch%20at%20the%20Pyramids’&f=false.
• The Thousand and One Nights. https://heritage.bnf.fr/bibliothequesorient/en/thousand-and-one-nights-art. Last accessed 21 April 2020.
• ‘William Makepeace Thackeray.’ Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/William- Makepeace-Thackeray. Last accessed 21 April 2020.