Analysis of Cost and Returns involved in Maize Production among Farmers in North West, Nigeria

Öz

This study analyzed cost and returns involved in maize production among Farmers in North West, Nigeria. Primary data were utilized based on a well-organized questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to 200 maize producers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgetary techniques, and Cobb-Douglas regression model. The result shows that approximate 82% of maize producers were male. The mean age of maize producers was 48 years. They are smallholder farmers with an average farm size of 1.12 hectares. The producers had an average of 13 years in maize farming. They are literate, can read and write with an average of 11 years of attending school education. The total variable cost (TVC) and total fixed cost (TFC) was calculated at 200.8 US Dollars and 43.75 US Dollars per hectare, they recorded 82.11% and 17.89% of total cost (TC), respectively. The gross margin (GM) and net farm income (NFI) was estimated at 830.08 US Dollars and 786.32 US Dollars per hectare, respectively. The rate of return on investment (RORI) or return per US Dollar invested in maize farming was calculated at 3.22. This implies that for every one US Dollar invested into maize farming, approximately 3.22 US Dollars are made as revenue, that is approximately 2.22 US Dollars was realized as profit. The significant factors influencing output of maize among producers were labour, farm size, seeds, agrochemicals, and fertilizers. The study concluded that maize farming is profitable in the area. The study recommends access to improved seeds, fertilizers, agrochemicals, and machines for mechanized farming to increase productivity. The machines and technologies will reduce drudgery and the cost incurred in maize farming.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Socio-Economic Features
• Farm Budgetary Techniques
• Cobb-Douglas Regression Model
• Financial Analysis
• Depreciation of Assets

Kaynakça

1. Abdul, M., Tashikalma, A.K., Maurice, D.C., Shittu, F.M., 2017. Analysis of Cost Efficiency of Rain-Fed Maize Production in Yola South Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 16, 67 – 73.
2. Adesiyan, O.F., 2015. Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Osun State: A Case Study of Ilesa East and West of Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 6(9), 268 – 272.
3. Abulaleem, M.A., Oluwatusin, F.M., Ojo, O.S., 2019. Efficiency of Maize Production among Smallholder Farmers in Southwest, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 30(4), 1 – 10
4. Alabi, O.O., Safugha, G.F., 2022. Efficiency of Resource-Use and Maginal Value Productivity Analysis Among Maize Farmers, Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, 6(2):28-33.
5. Awotide, D.O., Fashina, O.M., Ologbonjo, A.C., Agbola, P.O., 2008. Relationship between Credit Access and Technical Efficiency of Maize Farmers in Abeokuta North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. In: E.A. Aiyedun, P.O. Idisi & J.O. Nmadu (Eds). Proceedings of the 10th Annual National Conference of the Nigerian Association of Agricultural Economics, 7 – 10 October, 2008, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria, pp. 259 – 266.
6. Biswas, R., Molla, M, M,U., Faisal-E-Alam, M., Zonayet, M., Castanho, R.U., 2023. Profitability Analysis and Input Use Efficiency of Maize Cultivation in Selected Areas of Bangladesh. Land 12, 23.
7. Bolatova, Z., Engindeniz, S., 2018. Recent Development in Corn Production and Marketing of Turkey and the World. 29th International Scientific Export Congress of Agriculture and Food Industry, 26 – 28 September 2018, Izmir-Turkey, pp. 353 – 364.
8. Chandio, A.A., Jiang,Y Gessesse, A.I., Dunya, R., 2017. The Nexus of Agricultural Credit, Farm Size, and Technical Efficiency in Sindh, Pakistan: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach. Journal Saudi Soc Agric. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/jssas.2017.11.001.

9. Erenstein, O., Jaleta, M., Sonder, M., 2022. Global Maize Production, Consumption and Trends: Trends, and R & D Implications. Food Security, 14, 1295 – 1319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-022-01288-7
10. FAOSTAT, 2024. Crop Production Statistics. https://faostat.fao.org Accessed on July 5, 2024
11. FAO, 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization, Data Base, Rome, Italy, 2024.
12. Girei, A.A., Saingbe, N.D., Ohen, S.B., Umar, K.O., 2018. Economics of Small-Scale Maize Production in Toto Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Agrosearch, 18(1), 90 – 104.
13. Ibrahim, F.D., Alhassan, Z.S., Ibrahim, M., Ibrahim, P.A., 2008. Private Sector (Candell Company) and Boosting Maize Production: A Case Study of R-Box Technology Adoption in Badeggi, Bida Local Government Area of Niger State, pp. 136 – 145.
14. Lopez, G., Kolem, H.B., Srivastava, A.K., Gaisaer, T., Ewert, F., 2019. A Model-Based Estimation of Resource Use Efficiencies in Maize Production in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainability, MDPI, 11, 5114.
15. Maurice, D.C., Adamu, Y., Joseph, M., 2015. Analysis of Cost Efficiency in Food Crop Production among Small-Scale Farmers in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14, 17 – 25.
16. Morris, M., Kelly, V.A., Kopicki, R.J., Byerlee, D., 2007. Fertilizer Use in African Agriculture: Lessons Learned and Good Practice Guidelines, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 2007.
17. Muhammed, S., 2013. Determinants of Grain Production and Technical Inefficiencies in Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 49, 2, 171 – 184.
18. Ogundari, K., Ojo, S.O., 2007. Economic Efficiency of Small Scale Food Crop Production in Nigeria: A Stochastic Frontier Approach. Journal of Social Science, 14 (2), 123 – 130.
19. Olasehinde, T.S., Qiao, F., Mao, S., 2023. Impact of Improved Maize Varieties on Production Efficiency in Nigeria: Separating Technology from Managerial Gaps. Agriculture, 13, 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030611
20. Olarinde, L.O., 2011. Analysis of Technical Efficiency Differentials among Maize Farmers in Nigeria. African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi, pp. 1 – 27
21. Onuk, E.G., Ogara, I.M., Yahaya,H., Nannim, N., 2010. Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Production, Agriculture, and Technology, 6, (1), 1 – 11.
22. Paudel, P., Matsuoka, A., 2009. Cost Efficiency Estimates of Maize Production in Nepal: A Case Study of the Chitwan District. AGRIC. ECONS-CZECH, 55, (3), 139 – 148.
23. Sadiq, M.S., Yakassai, M.T., Ahmad M.M., Lapkene, T.Y., Abubakar, M., 2013. Profitability and Production Efficiency of Small-Scale Maize Production in Niger State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics, 3 (4), 19 – 23.
24. Taru, V.B., Lamba, C., Jare, N., 2012. Economic Efficiency of Maize Production in Yola North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Agro-Science Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Food, Environment and Extension, 11 (2), 1 – 8.
25. Tanin, A., Engindeniz, S., 2024. Economic Analysis of Grain Maize Production: A Case Study in Turkey. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic, Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 24 (4): 827 – 836.
26. Tuyisenge, H.N., Bizoza, A.R., Manirere, J.D., Mutamuliza, E., 2024. Cost Benefit Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.). A Comparison Study in Rwangingo Marshland, Nyagatare and Gatsibo Districts. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 42 (2), 281 – 292.
27. Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Edition., New York: Harper and Row. Pp. 33-50.