-

Öz

ET MORKARAMAN VE i VlRO/. KOYUNIRKLARINDA KOC-KOYUN KARISIK TRANSPORTUN BAZI REFAH PARAMETRELERi LZERINE ETKELERI Arastirma, yerli Morkaraman ve Imroz koyun irklannda Ko9-Koyun kansik transportun bazi stres parametreleri iizerine etkilerini tek cinsiyet gruplan ile karsilastirmah olarak incelemek amaci ile yurutulmiistiir. Her bir irktan koyunlar iic transport grubuna aynlmistir: a. Koc grubu (her bir irktan 8 koc), b. Koyun grubu (her bir irktan 8 koyun) ve c. Koc-Koyun karma grup (her bir irktan 4 koc ve 4 koyun). Alti farkli alt grupta yer alan koyunlar ayn ayn olmak iizere 75 dakika siire ile transport edilmis ve sonrasinda 2 saat sure ile dinlendirilmistir. Transport grubunun plazma kortizol, CK, LDH ve glikoz konsantrasyonlan ile n6trofil:lenfosit orani iizerine etkisi onemsiz bulunmustur (P>0,05). Transport sonrasi 2 saatlik dinlenme siirecinde "yatma", "ayakta durma" ve "yiirume" davranislanmn oranlan ile "iirinasyon" ve "diger hayvanlara toslama" davranislarmin frekanslan bakimmdan transport gruplan arasmda onemli farklihklar oldugu belirlenmistir. K09 grubu, Koyun grubu ve Koc -Koyun karma grup ile kiyaslandiginda daha fazla yatma davranisi ve daha az ayakta durma davranisi sergilemistir (P<0,01). K09 grubunda "yiirume" davranisi ile gepirilen zaman orani Koc-Koyun karma gruba kiyasla daha diisiik bulunmustur (P<0,05). Aynca, Koc grubunda "diger hayvanlara toslama" davranisi Koyun grubuna gore daha sik gozlenmistir (P<0,01). Plazma kortizol diizeyi Morkaraman irkmda transport sonrasi (P<0,001) ve dinlenme sonrasi (P<0,01) yapilan o^iimlerde Imroz irkma kiyasla daha yiiksek bulunmustur. Morkaraman irkmda "ayakta durma" davranisi orani (P<0,01) ve "vokalizasyon" davranisi frekansi (P<0,001) Imroz irkina gore daha yiiksek gozlenmistir. Sonuc olarak, Morkaraman ve Imroz koyunlarda transport isleminin stres yaniti olusumu ile neticelendigi belirlenmistir. Ancak, koc ve koyunlann karma olarak transport edilmesinin tek cinsiyet gruplan ile karsilastinldigmda ilave bir stres yaniti olusumuna sebep olmadigi gorulmiistiir. Dolayisi ile ko? ve koyunlann iireme mevsimi disinda bir arada transport edilmesinin hayvan refahi afismdan herhangi bir olumsuzluga sebep olmadigi sonucuna ulasilmistir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sheep, male-female mixed transportation, transport management, stress

MORKARAMAN VE iMROZ KOYUN IRKLARINDA KOÇ-KOYUN KARISIK TRANSPORTUN BAZI REFAH PARAMETRELERi ÜZERINE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Arastirma, yerli Morkaraman ve Imroz koyun irklannda Ko9-Koyun kansik transportun bazi stres parametreleri iizerine etkilerini tek cinsiyet gruplan ile karsilastirmah olarak incelemek amaci ile yurutulmiistiir. Her bir irktan koyunlar iic transport grubuna aynlmistir: a. Koc grubu (her bir irktan 8 koc), b. Koyun grubu (her bir irktan 8 koyun) ve c. Koc-Koyun karma grup (her bir irktan 4 koc ve 4 koyun). Alti farkli alt grupta yer alan koyunlar ayn ayn olmak iizere 75 dakika siire ile transport edilmis ve sonrasinda 2 saat sure ile dinlendirilmistir. Transport grubunun plazma kortizol, CK, LDH ve glikoz konsantrasyonlan ile n6trofil:lenfosit orani iizerine etkisi onemsiz bulunmustur (P > 0,05). Transport sonrasi 2 saatlik dinlenme siirecinde "yatma", "ayakta durma" ve "yiirume" davranislanmn oranlan ile "iirinasyon" ve "diger hayvanlara toslama" davranislarmin frekanslan bakimmdan transport gruplan arasmda onemli farklihklar oldugu belirlenmistir. K09 grubu, Koyun grubu ve Koc -Koyun karma grup ile kiyaslandiginda daha fazla yatma davranisi ve daha az ayakta durma davranisi sergilemistir (P < 0,01). K09 grubunda "yiirume" davranisi ile gepirilen zaman orani Koc-Koyun karma gruba kiyasla daha diisiik bulunmustur (P < 0,05). Aynca, Koc grubunda "diger hayvanlara toslama" davranisi Koyun grubuna gore daha sik gozlenmistir (P < 0,01). Plazma kortizol diizeyi Morkaraman irkmda transport sonrasi (P < 0,001) ve dinlenme sonrasi (P < 0,01) yapilan o^iimlerde Imroz irkma kiyasla daha yiiksek bulunmustur. Morkaraman irkmda "ayakta durma" davranisi orani (P < 0,01) ve "vokalizasyon" davranisi frekansi (P < 0,001) Imroz irkina gore daha yiiksek gozlenmistir. Sonuc olarak, Morkaraman ve Imroz koyunlarda transport isleminin stres yaniti olusumu ile neticelendigi belirlenmistir. Ancak, koc ve koyunlann karma olarak transport edilmesinin tek cinsiyet gruplan ile karsilastinldigmda ilave bir stres yaniti olusumuna sebep olmadigi gorulmiistiir. Dolayisi ile ko? ve koyunlann iireme mevsimi disinda bir arada transport edilmesinin hayvan refahi afismdan herhangi bir olumsuzluga sebep olmadigi sonucuna ulasilmistir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koyun, erkek-disi kansik transport, transport yonetimi, stres

Kaynakça

1. Ali, B.H., Al-Qarawi, A.A., Mousa, H.M., 2006. Stress associated with road transportation in desert sheep and goats, and the effect of pretreatment with xylazine or sodium betaine. Research in Veterinary Science 80, 343-348.
2. Bogner, H., 1984. Verhaltensbeobachtungen, versuchsanlage und auswertungen. In: Bogner, H., Verhalten landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere. A.
3. BulentEkiz, ElifErgulEkiz, Hulya Yalcintan, Alper Yilmaz, Omur Kocak, Halil Gunes Grauvogl. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 61Bornez, R., Linares, M.B., Vergara, H., 2009. Haematological, hormonal and biochemical blood parameters in lamb: Effect of age and blood sampling time. Livestock Science 121, 200-20
4. Bradshaw, R.H., Parrott, R.F., Goode, J.A., Lloyd, D.M., Rodway, R.G., Broom, D.M., 1996. Behavioural and hormonal responses of pigs during transport: effect of mixing and duration of journey. Animal Science 62, 547-554.
5. Broom, D.M., 2003. Causes of poor welfare in large animals during transport. Veterinary Research Communications 27 (Suppl. 1), 515-518.
6. Broom, D.M., 2005. The effect of land transport on animal welfare. Revue Scientifique et Technique 24,683-691.
7. Cockram, M.S., 2007. Criteria and potential reasons for maximum journey times for farm animals destined for slaughter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 106,234-243.
8. Das, K.S., Srivastava, B.B., Das, N., 2001. Standing Orientation and behavior of goats during shorthaul road transportation. Small Ruminant Research 41,91-94. de Jong, LC, Prelle, LT., van de Burgwal, J.A., Lambooij, E., Korte, S.M., Blokhuis, H.J., Koolhaas, J.M., 2000. Effects of rearing conditions on behavioural and physiological responses of pigs to preslaughter handling and mixing at transport. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80,451-458.

9. Dwyer, CM., Gilbert, C.L., Lawrance, A.B., 2004. Prepartum plasma estradiol and postpartum Cortisol, but not oxytocin, are associated with interindividual and breed differences in the expression of maternal behaviour in sheep. Hormones and Behavior 46, 529-543.
10. Ekiz, B., Ergiil Ekiz, E, Yalcintan, H., Kocak, O., Yilmaz, A., Gunes, H., 2012a. The effects of transport stress on certain welfare parameters and behaviours in Red Karaman, Imroz, Sakiz and Karakul Rams. Istanbul Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 38,15-28.
11. Ekiz, B., Ergiil Ekiz, E, Kocak, O., Yalcintan, H., Yilmaz, A., 2012b. Effect of pre-slaughter management regarding transportation and time in lairage on certain stress parameters, carcass and meat quality characteristics in Kivircik lambs. Meat Science 90, 967-976.
12. Ekkel, E.D., Savenije, B., Schouten, G.P., Wiegant, V.M., Tielen, M.J.M., 1997. The effects of mixing on behavior and Circadian parameters of salivary Cortisol in pigs. Physiology and Behavior 62,181-184.
13. Ergul Ekiz, E., Ozcan, M., 2006. Sexual behavior and hormone levels of Kivircik ewes after estrus synchronization during and out of the breeding season. Archiv fur Tierzucht, Dummerstorf 49, 583-5
14. Fauciatano, L., 1998. Preslaughter stressors effects on pork: a review. Journal of Muscle Food 9, 293¬ 30
15. Fazio, E., Ferlazzo, A., 2003. Evaluation of stress during transport. Veterinary Research Communications 27 (Suppl. 1), 519-524.
16. Fisher, A.D., Colditz, I.G., Lee, C, Ferguson, D.M., 200 The influence of land transport on animal welfare in extensive farming systems. Journal of Veterinary Behavior 4,157-162. Grigor, P.N., Cockram, M.S., Steele, W.B., Mclntyre, J., Williams, C.L., Leushuis, I. E., van Reenen, C.G., 2004. A comparison of the welfare and meat quality of veal calves slaughtered on the farm with those subjected to transportation and lairage. Livestock Production Science 91,219-228.
17. Guilhem, C, Bideau, E., Gerard, J. F., Maublanc, M. L., Pepin, D., 2006. Early differentiation of male and female interactive behaviour as a possible mechanism for sexual segregation in mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 98, 54-69.
18. Hall, S.J.G., Bradshaw, R.H., 1998. Welfare aspects of the transport by road of sheep and pigs.
19. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 1, 235-2 Hall, S.J.G., Broom, D.M., Goode, J.A., Lloyd, D.M., Parrott, R.F., Rodway, R.G., 1999.
20. Physiological responses of sheep during long road journeys involving ferry crossings. Animal Science 69,19-27. Hall, S.J.G., Broom, D.M., Kiddy, G.N.S., 1998. Effect of transportation on plasma Cortisol and packed cell volume in different genotypes of sheep.
21. Small Ruminant Research 29,233-237. Healy, A.M., Hanlon, A.J., Weavers, E., Collins, J.D., Doherty, M.L., 2002. A behavioural study of scrapie-affected sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 79, 89-102.
22. Kadim, I.T., Mahgoup, O., Al-Kindi, A., AlMarzooqi, W., Al-Saqri, N.M., 2006. Effects of transportation at high ambient temperatures on physiological responses, carcass and meat quality characteristics of three breeds of Omani goats. Meat Science 73,626-634.
23. Kannan, G., Kouakou, B., Terrill, T.H., Gelaye, S., 200 Endocrine, blood metabolite, and meat quality changes in goats as influenced by shortterm, preslaughter stress. Journal of Animal Science 81,1499-1507.
24. Kannan, G., Terrill, T.H., Kouakou, B., Gazal, O.S., Gelaye, S., Amoah, E.A., Samake, S., 2000. Transportation of goats: Effects on physiological stress responses and live weight loss. Journal of Animal Science 78,1450-1457.
25. Kenny, F.J., Tarrant, P.V., 1987. The reaction of young bulls to short-haul road transport. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 17, 209¬ 2
26. Kent, J.E., 1997. Stress in transported sheep. Comparative Haematology International 7, 163¬ 1
27. Knowles, T.G., 1998. A review of the road transport of slaughter sheep. Veterinary Record 143, 212¬ 2
28. Merlot, E., Meunier-Salaiin, M.C., Prunier, A., 200 Behavioural, endocrine and immune consequences of mixing in weaned pigleds. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 85, 247¬ 2 Miranda-de la Lama, G.C., Villarroel, M., Maria, G.A., 2011. Behavioural and physiological profiles following exposure to novel environment and social mixing in lambs. Small Ruminant Research 103,158-163.
29. Mounier, L., Veissier, I., Andanson, S., Delval, E., Boissy, A., 2006. Mixing at the beginning of fattening moderates social buffering in beef bulls. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 96 (3), 185-200.
30. Okeudo, NJ., Moss, B.W., 2005. Serum Cortisol concentration in different sex-types and slaughter weights, and its relationship with meat quality and intramuscular fatty acid profile.
31. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4,64-68. Safiudo, C , Sanchez, A., Alfonso, M., 1998. Small ruminant production systems and factors affecting lamb meat quality. Meat Science 49 (Suppl. 1), 29-64.
32. Sevi, A., Taibi, L., Albenzio, M., Muscio, A., Dell'Aquila, S., Napolitano, F., 2001.
33. Behavioral, adrenal, immune, and productive responses of lactating ewes to regrouping and relocation. Journal of Animal Science 79, 1457¬ 14
34. SPSS, 1999. Statistical Package for the Social
35. Sciences, Release 10.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA. Stolba, A., Hinch, G.N., Lynch, J.J., Adams, D.B., Munro, D.B., Davies, H.I., 1990. Social organization of Merino sheep of different ages, sex and family structure. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 27, 337-349.
36. Tadich, N., Gallo, C, Brito, M., Broom, D.M., 2009.
37. Effects of weaning and 48 h transport by road and ferry on some blood indicators of welfare in lambs. Livestock Science 121,132-136. Tolu, C, Savas, T., 2007. A brief report on intraspecies aggressive biting in a goat herd. Applied
38. Animal Behaviour Science 102,124-129. Villalba, J.J., Manteca, X., Provenza, F.D., 2009.
39. Relationship between reluctance to eat novel foods and open-field behavior in sheep. Physiology and Behavior 96, 276-281. Warriss, P.D., Brown, S.N., 1985. The physiological responses to fighting in pigs and the consequences for meat quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 36, 87-92.