The Effect of Digital Leadership on Individual Performance of Employees: A Research in an Industry 4.0 Company in Azerbaijan

Öz

In this article, the phenomenon of Digital Leadership, which is one of the leadership styles required by the fourth industrial revolution, which is defined by the concept of Industry 4.0, is examined. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of Digital Leadership characteristics perceived by employees in their managers on their individual performance in an enterprise in the digital transformation process. For this purpose, a Survey study was conducted on 190 people working at different levels in an enterprise operating in Azerbaijan and implementing Industry 4.0. According to the results of the research, it was determined that in general, Digital Leadership increased Individual Performance by 59 percent. As a result of the stepwise regression analysis, it was determined that the Digital Leadership dimension that most affected the individual performance of the employees was the manager's Use of Information Technologies on various platforms. This was followed by Informing and Building Infrastructure dimensions, respectively. In the light of the findings of the research and the existing literature, Digital Leadership features and dimensions that managers should pay attention to in the age of Industry 4.0 were discussed and suggestions were developed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Industry 4.0
• Digital Transformation
• Digital Leadership
• Individual Performance

Dijital Liderliğin Bireysel Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi- Azerbaycan’da Endüstri 4.0 Teknolojilerini Uygulayan Bir Firmada Araştırma

Öz

Bu makalede, Endüstri 4.0 kavramı ile tanımlanan Dördüncü Sanayi Devriminin gerektirdiği liderlik tarzlarından biri olan
Dijital Liderlik olgusu incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, dijital dönüşüm sürecindeki bir işletmede, çalışanların
yöneticilerinde algıladıkları Dijital Liderlik özelliklerinin, onların bireysel performansları üzerindeki etkilerini
araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Azerbaycan’da faaliyet gösteren ve 2019 yılından itibaren Endüstri 4.0
teknolojilerini uygulamaya başlayan bir işletmede farklı kademelerde çalışan 190 kişi üzerinde bir araştırma
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, Dijital Liderliğin genel olarak Bireysel Performansı yüzde 59 artırdığı
saptanmıştır. Aşamalı regresyon analizi sonucunda ise çalışanların bireysel performanslarını en fazla etkileyen Dijital
Liderlik boyutunun, yöneticinin çeşitli platformlarda Bilişim Teknolojilerini Kullanması olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunu
sırasıyla Bilgilendirme ve Altyapı Oluşturma boyutları izlemiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları ve mevcut literatür ışığında,
Endüstri 4.0 çağında yöneticilerin önem vermeleri gereken Dijital Liderlik özellikleri ve boyutları tartışılmış ve öneriler
geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Edüstri 4.0
• Dijital Dönüşüm
• Dijital Liderlik
• Bireysel Performans

Kaynakça

1. Ahmad, M. U. & Murray, J. (2019). Understanding the Connect Between Digitalisation, Sustainability and Performance of an Organisation. International Journal of Business Excellence, 17(1), 83-96.
2. Artüz, S. D. (2020). Dijital Liderlik Uygulaması ile Öğrenen Örgüt İlişkisinin Bireysel Performansa Etkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
3. Aydoğan, S. ve Kutlu Gündoğdu, F. (2021). Sağlık Bakanı Fahrettin Koca’nın Covid-19 Salgınında Sergilediği Dijital Liderliğin Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreciyle İncelenmesi (Twitter Vaka Çalışması). İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 13(2), 1737-1750.
4. Baig, S. A., Iqbal, S., Abrar, M., Baig, I. A., Amjad, F., Zia-ur-Rehman, M. & Awan, M. U. (2019). Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Performance with Moderating Role of Positive Psychological Capital. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 32(1), 1-21.
5. Dalluay, V. S. & Jalagat, R. C. (2016). Impacts of Leadership Style Effectiveness of Managers and Department Heads to Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Performance on Selected Small-Scale Businesses in Cavite. Philippines. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences (IJRAOB), 2(2), 734-751.
6. Demirkan, H., Spohrer, J. C. & Welser, J. J. (2016). Digital Innovation and Strategic Transformation. IT Pro, November/December. IEEE Computer Society. 14-18.
7. Dijkstra, J. (2020). Digital Leadership and Firm Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Master’s Thesis MSc BA - Strategic Innovation Management/SIM. Economics and Business, University of Groningen.
8. Ding, F., Li, D. & George, J. F. (2014). Investigating the Effects of IS Strategic Leadership on Organizational Benefits from the Perspective of CIO Strategic Roles. Information & Management. 51(7), 865-879.

9. El Sawy, O. A., Kræmmergaard, P., Amsinck, H. & Vinther, A. L. (2016). How LEGO Built the Foundations and Enterprise Capabilities for Digital Leadership. MIS Quarterly Executive. 15(2), 141-166.
10. Eryesil, K. (2021). Digital Leadership, Leadership Paradigm of the Digital Age: A Conceptual Framework. Equinox, Journal of Economics, Business & Political Studies, 8 (1), 98-112.
11. Freitas Junior. C., Cabral, F. M. & Brinkhues, A. R. (2020). Digital Transformation: The Gap Between Digital Leadership and Business Performance. ISLA 2020 Proceedings. 20.
12. Günzel-Jensen, F., Hansen, J. R., Jakobsen, M. L. F. & Wulff, J. (2017). A Two-Pronged Approach? Combined Leadership Approaches and Innovative Behavior. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(12), 957-970.
13. Hambrick, D. C. & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection of its Top Managers. The Academy of Management Review. 9(2), 193-206.
14. Hensellek, S. (2020). Digital Leadership: A Framework for Successful Leadership in the Digital Age. Journal of Media Management and Entrepreneurship. 2(1), 55-69.
15. Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H. & Wu, D. (2018). Do Ethical, Authentic, And Servant Leadership Explain Variance Above and Beyond Transformational Leadership? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Management. 44(2), 501-529.
16. Iskamto, D., (2020). The Role of Leadership and Influence on Employee Performance in Digital Era. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis. 17(4), 2528-1216.
17. Kıyak, A. ve Bozkurt, G. (2020). A General Overview to Digital Leadership Concept. International Journal of Social and Economic Studies. 1(1), 84-95.
18. Leng, C. S., Xuan, C. L., Sin, N. K., Leng, W. K. & Yan, W. W. (2014). The Impact of Leadership styles on Employee Commitment in Retail Industry (Bachelor Thesis). Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.
19. Lubis, F. M., Rony, Z. T. & Santoso, B. (2020). Digital Leadership in Managing Employee Work Motivation (Case Study: Oil and Gas Industry in Indonesia). ICSS 2019, November 05-06, Jakarta, Indonesia.
20. Oberer, B. ve Erkollar, A. (2018). Leadership 4.0: Digital Leaders in the Age of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Organizational Leadership. 7(4), 404-412.
21. Ojokuku, R. M., Odetayo, T. A. & Sajuyigbe, A. S. (2012). Impact of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of Nigerian Banks. American journal of Business and Management, 1(4), 202-207.
22. Öz, Ö. (2020). Dijital Liderlik: Dijital Dünyada Okul Lideri Olmak. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama. 3(1), 45-57.
23. Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi – 1. Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
24. Özmen, Ö. N. T., Eriş, E. D. ve Süral Özer, P. (2020). Dijital Liderlik Çalışmalarına Bir Bakış. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi. 25(1), 57-69.
25. Pratama, M. A. N. & Kurniady D. A. (2020). Influence of Digital Leadership Models on the Performance of Educators and Educational Personnel in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the First Middle School. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 526. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2020), 278-280.
26. Promsri, C. (2019). Developing model of digital leadership for a successful digital transformation, Business Management -International Journal, 2(8), 1-8. Sia, S. K., Soh C. & Weill, P. (2016). How DBS Bank Pursued a Digital Business Strategy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(2), 105-121.
27. Soon, C. C. & Salamzadeh, Y. (2020). The Impact of Digtal Leadership Competencies On Virtual Team Effectiveness In MNC Companies In Penang, Malaysia. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 8(2), 219-253.
28. Sow, M. & Aborbie, S. (2018). Impact of Leadership on Digital Transformation. Business and Economic Research, 8(3), 139-148.
29. Ulutaş, M. (2015). Yükseköğretimde Bilişim Liderliği, Öğrenen Örgüt ve Üniversite Kültürü Arasındaki İlişki. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi. Çanakkale.
30. Ulutaş, M., ve Arslan, H. (2018). Bilişim Liderliği Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 47 (47), 109- 118.
31. Wahab, S., Rahmat, A., Yusof, M. S. & Mohamed, B. (2015). Organization Performance and Leadership Style: Issues in Education Service. 6th International Research Symposium in Service Management, IRSSM-6, UITM Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia.
32. Wilson III, E. J. (2004). Leadership in the Dijital Age. Encyclopedia of Leadership içinde. Editörler: George R. Goethals, Georgia Sorenson, James MacGregor Burns. (1-5) Sage Publications, London.
33. Yücebalkan, B. (2020). Holistik Perspektiften Güncel Liderliğe Bir Bakış: Dijital Liderlik ve Yeşil Transformasyonel Liderlik. International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies. 6(18), 388-396.
34. Zeike S., Bradbury, K., Lindert, L. ve Ptaff, H. (2019). Digital Leadership Skills and Associations with Psychological Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16, 2628-2640.