Helicobakter Pylori'nin Gastrik Karsinogenezde Etkili Virülans Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Sistematik Derleme

Yıl 2023, , 226 - 233, 25.12.2023

Yüksel Yaşın , Gulden Diniz , Şevval Evcimen , Emine Müge Karakayalı

https://doi.org/10.57221/izmirtip.1264415

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Helicobacter pylori’nin gastrik kanser gelişiminde etkili olduğu düşünülen virülans faktörlerini araştıran çalışmaların sistematik olarak değerlendirmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu sistematik derleme kapsamında incelenen 14 çalışma, Helicobacter pylori’nin virülans faktörleri arasındaki sitotoksin ilişkili gen A (CagA), vakuolatör sitotoksin A (VacA), dış inflamatuar proteinler, siyalik asit bağlayıcı adezin (SabA), DNA metilasyonu, üreaz, the induced by contact with epithelium gene, interlökin-8 ve E-cadherin’in mide karsinogenezi üzerine olan etkilerini irdelemektedir. Literatürde gastrik karsinogenezde önemli rol oynadığı öne sürülen tüm bu virülans faktörlerini birlikte irdeleyen bir çalışma yoktur. Bu sistematik derlemede CagA, VacA, OipA, SabA ve üreazın H. pylori'nin mide karsinogenezinde en etkili virülans faktörleri olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Helicobacter pylori virülans faktörleri, Gastrik karsinogenez, Virülans faktörleri

Kaynakça

• 1.1.Kipritçi Z. Helicobacter pylori’nin virülans faktörleri ve ilaç dirençlerinin moleküler yöntemlerle araştırılması. İstanbul; Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2016.
• 2.Oral D, Yirün A, Erkekoğlu P. Helicobacter pylori’nin neden olduğu epigenetik ve genetik değişiklikler ve gastrik karsinojenez gelişiminde roller. J Fac Pharm. 2019;43: 285-308.
• 3.Kusters JG, Vliet AHM, Kuipers EJ. Pathogenesis of helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:449-90.
• 4.Ushijima T, Nakajima T, Maekita T. DNA methylation as a marker for the past and future. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:401-7.
• 5.Maekita T, Nakazawa K, Mihara M, Nakajima T, Yanaoka K, Iguchi M, et al. High levels of aberrant DNA methylation in Helicobacter pylori infected gastric mucosae and its possible association with gastric cancer risk.Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:989–95.
• 6.Alzahrani S, Lina TT, Gonzalez J, Pinchuk IV, Beswick EJ, Reyes VE. Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:12767-80.
• 7.Pinto-Santini D, Salama NR. The biology of Helicobacter pylori infection, a major risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1853-8.
• 8.Higashi H, Tsutsumi R, Muto S, Sugiyama T, Azuma T, Asaka M, et al. SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase as an intracellular target of Helicobacter pylori CagA protein. Science. 2002;29:683-6.
• 9.Horridge DN, Begley AA, Kim J, Aravindan N, Fan K, Forsyth MN. Outer inflammatory protein a (OipA) of Helicobacter pylori is regulated by host cell contact and mediates CagA translocation and interleukin-8 response only in the presence of a functional cag pathogenicity island type IV secretion system. PathogDis. 2017;75:113.
• 10.Mobley HLT, Mendz GL, Hazell SL. Helicobacter pylori: Physiology and Genetics. 30 Ocak 2022 tarihinde, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21290711/ adresinden erişildi.
• 11.Backert S, Clyne M, Tegtmeyer N. Molecular mechanisms of gastric epithelial cell adhesion and injection of cagA by Helicobacter pylori. Cell Commun Signal. 2011;9:1-11.
• 12.White JR, Winter JA, Robinson K. Differential inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori infection: etiology and clinical outcomes. J Inflamm Res. 2015;13:137-47.
• 13.Güvenir M, Yılmaz Ö. Helicobacter pylori sinyal yolaklarının dünyası. Türk Mikrobiol Cem Derg. 2009;39:115-21.
• 14.Kuck D, Kolmerer B, Konert CI, Krammer PH, Stremmel W, Rudi J. Vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori induces apoptosis in the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS. Infect Immun. 2001;69:5080-7.
• 15.Censini S, Lange C, Xiang Z, Crabtree JE, Ghiara P, Borodovsky M, et al. Cag, a pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and disease-associated virulence factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:14648-53.
• 16.Furuta Y, Yahara K, Hatakeyama M, Kobayashi I. Evolution of cagA oncogene of Helicobacter pylori through recombination. Plos One. 2011;6:e23499.
• 17.Fitchen N, Letley DP, O'Shea P, Atherton JT, Williams P, Hardie KR. All subtypes of the cytotoxin VacA adsorb to the surface of Helicobacter pylori post-secretion. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54:621-30.
• 18.Kudo T, Nurgalieva ZZ, Conner ME, Crawford S, Odenbreit S, Haas R, et al. Correlation between Helicobacter pylori oipA protein expression and oipA gene switch status. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:2279-81.
• 19.Wroblewski LE, Peek JRM, Wilson KT. Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: factors that modulate disease risk. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:713-9.
• 20.Nardone G, Compare D, Colibus P, Nucci G, Rocco A. Helicobacter pylori and epigenetic mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis. Dig Dis. 2007;25:225-9.
• 21.Hoy B, Löwer M, Weydig C, Carra G, Tegtmeyer N, Geppert T, et al. Helicobacter pylori HtrA is a new secreted virulence factor that cleaves E-cadher into disrupt intercellular adhesion. Empo Reb. 2010;11:798-804.
• 22.Oleastro M, Ménard A. The Role of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins in adherence and pathogenesis. Biology. 2013;2:1110-34.
• 23.Beswick EJ, Pinchuk IV, Minch K, Suarez G, Sierra JC, Yamaoka Y, et al. The Helicobacter pylori urease B subunit binds to CD74 on gastric epithelial cells and induces NF-kappa B activationand interleukin-8 production. Infect Immun. 2006;74: 1148-55.
• 24.Crabtree JE, Wyatt JI, Trejdosiewicz LK, Peichl P, Nichols PH, Ramsay N, et al. Interleukin-8 expression in Helicobacter pylori infected, normal, and neoplastic gastroduodenal mucosa. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47:61-6.
• 25.Soudi H, Falsafi T, Mahboubi M, Gharavi S. Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori oip A protein as a vaccine candidate and propolis as an adjuvant in C57BL/6 mice. Iran J Basic Med Sci.2021;24:1220-30.
• 26.Yamaoka K, Kwon DK, Graham DH. A M(r) 34,000 proinflammatory outer membrane protein (oipA) of Helicobacter pylori. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97:7533-8.
• 27.Baldwin DN, Shepherd B, Kraemer P, Hall MK, Sycuro LK, Pinto-Santini DM, et al. Identification of Helicobacter pylori genes that contribute to stomach colonization. Infect Immun. 2007;75:1005-16.
• 28Jeyamani L, Jayarajan J, Leelakrisrishnan V, Swaminnathan M. CagA and VacA genes of Helicobacter pylori and their clinical relevance. Indian J Pathol Microbiol.2018;61: 66-9.
• 29.Rudı J, Kolb C, Maıwald M, Kuck D, Sıeg A, Galle PR, et al. Diversity of Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genes and relationship to vacA and cagA protein expression, cytotoxin production, and associated diseases. J Clin Microbiol.1998;36:944-8.
• 30.Rhead JL, Letley DP, Mohammadi M, Hussein N, Mohagheghi MA, Hosseini ME, et al. New Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin determinant, the intermediate region, is associated with gastric cancer. Gastroenterology.2007;133:926-36.
• 31.Malfertheiner P, Selgrad M, Wex T, Romi B, Borgogni E, Spensieri F, et al. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a parenteral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori in healthy volunteers challenged with a Cag-positivestrain: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 study. Clinical Trial.2018;3:698-707.
• 32.Chan AO, Lam SK, Wong BC, Wong WM, Yuen MF, Yeung YH, et al. Promoter methylation of E-cadherin gene in gastric mucosa associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and in gastric cancer. Gut.2003;52:502-6.
• 33.Kim JJ, Tao H, Carloni E, Leung WK, Graham DY, Sepulveda AR. Helicobacter pylori impairs DNA mismatch repair in gastric epithelial cells. Gastroenterology. 2002; 123:542-53.
• 34.Takashima M, Furuta T, Hanai H, Sugimura H, Kaneko E. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin levels in Mongolian gerbils. Gut. 2001;48:765–73.
• 35.Xue Z, Yang H, Su D, Song X, Deng X, Yu C, et al. Geographic distribution of the cagA, vacA, iceA, oipA and dupA genes of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in China. Gut Pathog. 2021;13:39.