Rusya Komünizmi Terk Etmişken Çin Neden Hala Politik Olarak Komünist Olmaya Devam Ediyor?

Öz

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB) ve Çin, özellikle komşu ülkeler ve dünyadaki diğer ülkelerle ilişkilerinde, kapitalizme karşı durmanın yanı sıra birbirlerini dengelemeye çalıştılar. Aynı ideolojik temellerden filizlenen siyaset anlayışı Rusya'da yavaş yavaş yok olurken, Çin'de etkisini sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Bu ayrımın en belirgin özelliği, ideolojik olarak farklı yönlerde hareket eden ülke siyasetleridir. Çalışmada, bu ideolojik farklılaşmanın nedenleri araştırılacak; Çin'in "yeni komünizm" yorumu analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesi ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin yıkılmasının, 20. yüzyılda SSCB’den doğrudan etkilenen Çin'in politikalarını ne yönde şekillendirdiği mercek altına alınacaktır. Buna paralel olarak, Soğuk Savaş döneminde Moskova ile Pekin arasındaki askeri ve siyasi ayrım incelenecek; son olarak, benzerlikler bir kenara bırakıldıktan sonra, Çin'de komünizmin devam etmesinin nedenleri mevcut verilerle açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Komünizm
• Siyaset
• Çin
• Rusya

Why is China Still Politically Communist When Russia Left Communism?

Abstract

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and China sought to balance each other as well as stand against capitalism, particularly in their relations with neighboring and other countries around the globe. While the political understanding sprouting from the same ideological foundations gradually disappeared in Russia, it maintains its influence in China. The most distinctive feature of this separation is the political perspectives, which are moving in different directions ideologically. In this study, the reasons for this ideological differentiation will be analyzed. In this context, China's interpretation of "new communism" and how the end of the Cold War after the collapse of the Soviet Union shaped the subsequent policies of China, which was directly affected by the USSR in the 20th century. Simultaneously, the military and political differences between Moscow and Beijing during the Cold War will be investigated. Finally, after disregarding the parallels, the motives for the continuity of communism in China are aimed at explaining, using the available data.

Keywords

• Communism
• Politics
• China
• Russia

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