Araştırma Makalesi
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Bir Mesafe Meselesi: Arkadaşlık Ağlarının Devinimi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 71 - 82, 31.12.2020

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı etkileşimin yüksek olduğu arkadaşlık ağ yapısının devinimini inceleyerek arkadaşlığı etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılı başında (Kasım 2018) ve sonunda (Haziran 2019), Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi sosyal hizmet bölümü birinci sınıf öğrencilerinden arkadaşlık verileri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerle araştırmanın ilk aşaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci aşaması ise bu çalışmadır. Böylece iki farklı zaman diliminde toplanan verilerle ağın değişimi gözlemlenebilmiştir. Ağ yapısını şekillendiren sosyal mekanizmalardan türdeşlik ve fiziksel mesafeyle ilgili belli değişkenler, bağlar üzerinden incelenmiştir. Arkadaşlığı etkileyen çok sayıda değişkenin varlığı kabul edilmekle birlikte, bu araştırmada yapısal faktör olarak barınma, kişisel faktörlerde ise cinsiyet ve hemşehrilik değişkenlerinin arkadaşlığa etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın temel bulguları; a) dönem başında kurulan arkadaşlıkların, belli istisnalar dışında, çoğunluğunun istikrarlı hale gelerek sürdürüldüğü, b) cinsiyet türdeşliğinin ağ yapısını şekillendirdiği, c) hemşehriliğin arkadaşlıkta anlamlı olmadığı, d) mekânsal yakınlığın arkadaşlıkta anlamlı olduğu, e) arkadaşlıkta hem yapısal faktörler (sınırlar), hem de kişisel özelliklerin etkili olduğudur.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

Bu makalenin birinci aşama bulgu ve sonuçları, “Yabancıdan Arkadaşa: Üniversitenin İlk Yılında Arkadaşlık Ağları Üzerine Bir Araştırma” adıyla makale olarak yayınlanmıştır. İlgili makale için bakınız; Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (ASEAD) , 6 (7), 83-96. The first stage findings and results of this article were published as an article titled “Yabancıdan Arkadaşa: Üniversitenin İlk Yılında Arkadaşlık Ağları Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. For the related article, see; Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (ASEAD), 6 (7), 83-96.

Kaynakça

  • Ağcasulu, H. (2019). Sosyal Sermayenin Bireysel Bağlarla Kurulması ve Korunması.Hukuk ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi,11(1), 18-31.
  • Berndt, T. (1982). The Features and Effects of Friendship in Early Adolescence. Child Development, 53, 1447-1460.
  • Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. & Freeman, L.C. (2002). Ucinet 6 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
  • Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. & Johnson, J.C. (2013). Analyzing Social Networks. Sage Publications.
  • Carrasco, J.A., Hogan, B., Wellman, B., Miller, E.J. (2008). Agency in Social Activity Interactions: The Role of Social Networks in Time and Space. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 99, 562–583.
  • Centola, D., González-Avella, J., Eguíluz, V., & San Miguel, M. (2007). Homophily, Cultural Drift, and the Co-Evolution of Cultural Groups. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51(6), 905-929.
  • De Klepper, M., Sleebos, E., Van de Bunt, G. & Agneessens, F. (2010). Similarity in Friendship Networks: Selection or Influence? The Effect of Constraining Contexts and Non-visible Individual Attributes. Social Networks, 32(1), 82-90.
  • Duck, S. W. (1975). Personality Similarity and Friendship Choices by Adolescents. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5(3), 351-365.
  • Eagle, N., Pentland, A. S. & Lazer, D. (2009). Inferring Friendship Network Structure by Using Mobile Phone Data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(36), 15274-15278.
  • Granovetter, M. (1983). The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited. Sociological Theory, 201-233.
  • Ibarra, H. (1992). Homophily and Differential Returns: Sex Differences in Network Structure and Access in an Advertising Firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(3), 422-447.
  • Kandel, D. B. (1978). Similarity in Real-life Adolescent Friendship Pairs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(3), 306.
  • Kossinets, G., & Watts, D. (2009). Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network. American Journal of Sociology, 115(2), 405-450.
  • Köse, A. (2014). Küreselleşme Çağında Bir Aidiyet Zemini ve Örgütlenme Şekli Olarak Hemşehrilik. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 3 (1), 221-232.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. (2005). Mekânsal Bir Olgu Olarak Hemşehrilik ve Bir Hemşehrilik Mekanı Olarak Dernekler. European Journal of Turkish Studies, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.375, 24.03. 2020.
  • Latané, B., Liu, J. H., Nowak, A., Bonevento, M. & Zheng, L. (1995). Distance Matters: Physical Space and Social Impact. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(8), 795–805.
  • Maccoby E. (1998). The Two Sexes. Growing Up Apart, Coming Together. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Marmaros, D. & Sacerdote, B. (2006). How Do Friendships Form?. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(1), 79-119.
  • McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415-444.
  • Mehta, C. M., & Strough, J. (2009). Sex Segregation in Friendships and Normative Contexts Across the Life Span. Developmental Review, 29(3), 201-220.
  • Nahemow, L. & Lawton, M. P. (1975). Similarity and Propinquity in Friendship Formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 205-213.
  • Preciado, P., Snijders, T. A., Burk, W. J., Stattin, H. & Kerr, M. (2012). Does Proximity Matter? Distance Dependence of Adolescent Friendships. Social Networks, 34(1), 18-31.
  • Rogers, E., & Bhowmik, D. (1970). Homophily-Heterophily: Relational Concepts for Communication Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 34(4), 523-538.
  • Sailer, K. & McCulloh, I. (2012). Social Networks and Spatial Configuration—How Office Layouts Drive Social Interaction. Social Networks, 34(1), 47-58.
  • Sekara, V., & Lehmann, S. (2014). The Strength of Friendship Ties in Proximity Sensor Data. PloS one, 9(7).
  • Stehlé, J., Charbonnier, F., Picard, T., Cattuto, C., & Barrat, A. (2013). Gender Homophily from Spatial Behavior in a Primary School: A Sociometric Study. Social Networks, 35(4), 604-613.
  • Tolson, J. M., & Urberg, K. A. (1993). Similarity Between Adolescent Best Friends. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8(3), 274-288.
  • Tsai, M.C. (2006). Sociable Resources and Close Relationships: Intimate Relatives and Friends in Taiwan. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 23, 151–169.
  • Urberg, K. A., Degirmencioglu, S. M., & Tolson, J. M. (1998). Adolescent Friendship Selection and Termination: The Role of Similarity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(5), 703-710.
  • Verbrugge, L. M. (1977). The Structure of Adult Friendship Choices. Social Forces, 56(2), 576-597.
  • Verbrugge, L.M. (1983). A Research Note on Adult Friendship Contact: A Dyadic Perspective. Social Forces 62, 78–83.
  • Wang, H., Chin, A. & Wang, H. (2011). Interplay Between Social Selection and Social Influence on Physical Proximity in Friendship Formation. SRS 2011 Workshop. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alvin_Chin/publication/228432564_Interplay_between_Social_Selection_and_Social_Influence_on_Physical_Proximity_in_Friendship_Formation/links/55084ff40cf2d7a281284aff/Interplay-between-Social-Selection-and-Social-Influence-on-Physical-Proximity-in-Friendship-Formation.pdf, 07.02.2020.

A Matter of Proximity: A Case Study on Friendship Network Evolution

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 71 - 82, 31.12.2020

Öz

The aim of the study is to identify the factors affecting friendship by analyzing evolution of the highly interactive friendship network structure. For this purpose, friendship data were collected from the first year students of the social work department of Süleyman Demirel University, at the beginning (November 2018) and at the end (June 2019) of the 2018-2019 academic year. The first stage of the research was carried out right after the first data obtained. This paper is the second stage of the research. So that the change of the network structure could be observed with the data collected in two different time plots. Certain variables related to homophily and spatial proximity, which are among the social mechanisms shaping networks, have been examined. Although the existence of a large number of variables affecting friendship is acknowledged, particularly accommodation as structural factor and gender and fellow countrymen (hemşehri) relations on personal factors were analyzed in this research. The main findings are; a) the friendships established at the beginning of the period has generally been stabilized even though the existence of some actor-based exceptions, b) gender homophily is shaping the network structure, c) the citizenship is not meaningful in friendship, d) spatial proximity is meaningful, e) both structural factors (limits) and the personal characteristics are effective in friendship.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Ağcasulu, H. (2019). Sosyal Sermayenin Bireysel Bağlarla Kurulması ve Korunması.Hukuk ve İktisat Araştırmaları Dergisi,11(1), 18-31.
  • Berndt, T. (1982). The Features and Effects of Friendship in Early Adolescence. Child Development, 53, 1447-1460.
  • Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. & Freeman, L.C. (2002). Ucinet 6 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis. Harvard, MA: Analytic Technologies.
  • Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. & Johnson, J.C. (2013). Analyzing Social Networks. Sage Publications.
  • Carrasco, J.A., Hogan, B., Wellman, B., Miller, E.J. (2008). Agency in Social Activity Interactions: The Role of Social Networks in Time and Space. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 99, 562–583.
  • Centola, D., González-Avella, J., Eguíluz, V., & San Miguel, M. (2007). Homophily, Cultural Drift, and the Co-Evolution of Cultural Groups. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51(6), 905-929.
  • De Klepper, M., Sleebos, E., Van de Bunt, G. & Agneessens, F. (2010). Similarity in Friendship Networks: Selection or Influence? The Effect of Constraining Contexts and Non-visible Individual Attributes. Social Networks, 32(1), 82-90.
  • Duck, S. W. (1975). Personality Similarity and Friendship Choices by Adolescents. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5(3), 351-365.
  • Eagle, N., Pentland, A. S. & Lazer, D. (2009). Inferring Friendship Network Structure by Using Mobile Phone Data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(36), 15274-15278.
  • Granovetter, M. (1983). The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited. Sociological Theory, 201-233.
  • Ibarra, H. (1992). Homophily and Differential Returns: Sex Differences in Network Structure and Access in an Advertising Firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(3), 422-447.
  • Kandel, D. B. (1978). Similarity in Real-life Adolescent Friendship Pairs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(3), 306.
  • Kossinets, G., & Watts, D. (2009). Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network. American Journal of Sociology, 115(2), 405-450.
  • Köse, A. (2014). Küreselleşme Çağında Bir Aidiyet Zemini ve Örgütlenme Şekli Olarak Hemşehrilik. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 3 (1), 221-232.
  • Kurtoğlu, A. (2005). Mekânsal Bir Olgu Olarak Hemşehrilik ve Bir Hemşehrilik Mekanı Olarak Dernekler. European Journal of Turkish Studies, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ejts.375, 24.03. 2020.
  • Latané, B., Liu, J. H., Nowak, A., Bonevento, M. & Zheng, L. (1995). Distance Matters: Physical Space and Social Impact. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(8), 795–805.
  • Maccoby E. (1998). The Two Sexes. Growing Up Apart, Coming Together. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Marmaros, D. & Sacerdote, B. (2006). How Do Friendships Form?. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(1), 79-119.
  • McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415-444.
  • Mehta, C. M., & Strough, J. (2009). Sex Segregation in Friendships and Normative Contexts Across the Life Span. Developmental Review, 29(3), 201-220.
  • Nahemow, L. & Lawton, M. P. (1975). Similarity and Propinquity in Friendship Formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 205-213.
  • Preciado, P., Snijders, T. A., Burk, W. J., Stattin, H. & Kerr, M. (2012). Does Proximity Matter? Distance Dependence of Adolescent Friendships. Social Networks, 34(1), 18-31.
  • Rogers, E., & Bhowmik, D. (1970). Homophily-Heterophily: Relational Concepts for Communication Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 34(4), 523-538.
  • Sailer, K. & McCulloh, I. (2012). Social Networks and Spatial Configuration—How Office Layouts Drive Social Interaction. Social Networks, 34(1), 47-58.
  • Sekara, V., & Lehmann, S. (2014). The Strength of Friendship Ties in Proximity Sensor Data. PloS one, 9(7).
  • Stehlé, J., Charbonnier, F., Picard, T., Cattuto, C., & Barrat, A. (2013). Gender Homophily from Spatial Behavior in a Primary School: A Sociometric Study. Social Networks, 35(4), 604-613.
  • Tolson, J. M., & Urberg, K. A. (1993). Similarity Between Adolescent Best Friends. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8(3), 274-288.
  • Tsai, M.C. (2006). Sociable Resources and Close Relationships: Intimate Relatives and Friends in Taiwan. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 23, 151–169.
  • Urberg, K. A., Degirmencioglu, S. M., & Tolson, J. M. (1998). Adolescent Friendship Selection and Termination: The Role of Similarity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(5), 703-710.
  • Verbrugge, L. M. (1977). The Structure of Adult Friendship Choices. Social Forces, 56(2), 576-597.
  • Verbrugge, L.M. (1983). A Research Note on Adult Friendship Contact: A Dyadic Perspective. Social Forces 62, 78–83.
  • Wang, H., Chin, A. & Wang, H. (2011). Interplay Between Social Selection and Social Influence on Physical Proximity in Friendship Formation. SRS 2011 Workshop. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alvin_Chin/publication/228432564_Interplay_between_Social_Selection_and_Social_Influence_on_Physical_Proximity_in_Friendship_Formation/links/55084ff40cf2d7a281284aff/Interplay-between-Social-Selection-and-Social-Influence-on-Physical-Proximity-in-Friendship-Formation.pdf, 07.02.2020.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hülya Ağcasulu 0000-0003-3939-904X

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ağcasulu, H. (2020). Bir Mesafe Meselesi: Arkadaşlık Ağlarının Devinimi Üzerine Bir Çalışma. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 71-82.
İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi © 2019
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Yayıncı
İzmir Akademi Derneği
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