İspanyol kültür ve eğlence endüstrisine COVID-19 etkisi: Dijital ekonomide kamu ve özel yönetimin değerlendirilmesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 122 - 134, 31.12.2023
Antonio Sánchez-bayón
,
Roberto Arpi
Öz
Bu araştırma, karantina sırasında kültürel tüketimin ve sosyal refahın kolaylaştırılmasıyla birlikte, dijital ekonomi bağlamında, Covid-19 karantinasının İspanyol kültür ve eğlence endüstrisi üzerindeki etkisini değerlendiriyor. Böylece dijital ekonomi ve refah ekonomisiyle ilgili bazı konular tartışıldıktan sonra anket aracılığıyla toplanan verilere dayalı ampirik bir analiz yapılıyor. Karantina döneminde ağırlıklı olarak can sıkıntısı, kaygı ve stresle başa çıkmak için eğlence aracı olarak kültür tüketiminin arttığı tespit edildi. Görsel-işitsel ürünler özellikle film ve dizi hemen hemen tüm bireyler tarafından tüketilmiştir. Müzik konusunda, canlı konserler veren ve hayranlarıyla sosyal ağlar aracılığıyla etkileşime giren şarkıcıların veya grupların daha iyi konumlandığını görüyoruz. İnsanların dijital format yerine kağıt formatını tercih etmesiyle birlikte okumak da karantina sırasında önemli bir etkinlikti. En çok tüketilen kültürel ürünlerin İspanyol yapımlarından olması dikkat çekmektedir. Bu anlamda, Covid-19 krizinin kültür sektörü için mutlak bir kriz yaratmadığı, aktörlerin dijital dönüşüme hızla uyum sağlaması ölçüsünde bu sektörün büyümesi ve güçlenmesi için uygun fırsatlar sağladığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca kültürel organizasyonların dijitalleşmesi, yalnızlık ve stresli durumlara karşı sosyal refahın eğlence ile korunmasına yardımcı olmaktadır.
Kaynakça
- Aced, C. (2018). Relaciones Públicas 2.0. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
- Adorno, T., & Horkheimer, M. (1947). Dialektik der Aufklärung. Amsterdam: Verlag.
- Bagus, P., Peña, J., & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2022). Capitalism, COVID-19 and lockdowns. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 31(SI), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041376
- Barr, A., & Copeland-Stewart, A. (2022). Playing video games during the COVID-19 pandemic and effects on player’s well-being. Games and Culture, 17(1), 122-139.
- Bonet, L., & Chávez, M. (2018). Tendencias, retos y tensiones globales de la gestion cultural y su formación. Córima, 3(4), 1-12.
- Bourdieu, P. (1979). La Distinction. Paris: Minuit.
- Bustamante, E. (2018). Las industrias culturales y creativas. Periférica Internacional, (18), 88-117.
- Caravaggio, L. (2016). Economía y felicidad. Estudios Económicos, 67, 97-118.
- Claussen, D (2011). Industria cultural, ayer y hoy. Constelaciones, 3, 315-321
- Díaz-Soto, D., Manzanero, D., & Toilliez, B. (2014). Philosophical Challenges of Plurality in a Global World. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Dupont, L. (2019). Agile innovation. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 28, 1-5.
- García, D.; & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2021). Consumo cultural y entretenimiento en la cuarentena de COVID-19 en España. Visual Review, 8(2), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.37467/gka-revvisual.v8.2805.
- García, S., & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2022). Management models in socio-cultural transformative organizations. Visual Review, 9(2), 223-244. https://doi.org/10.37467/gkarevvisual.v9.2806
- García-Vaquero, M., Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Lominchar, J. (2021). European green deal and recovery plan: green jobs, skills and wellbeing economics in Spain. Energies, 14(14), 4145. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144145
- Huerta de Soto, J., Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Bagus, P. (2021). Principles of monetary and financial sustainability and wellbeing in a post-COVID-19 world. Sustainability, 13(9), 4655 (1-11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094655
- International Monetary Fund (2020). World Economic Outlook: The Great Lockdown. Washington D.C.: IMF.
- Kroeber, C., & Kluckholn, L. (1952). Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. Cambridge: Peaboady Museum Press.
- Lasch, C. (1975). The democratization of culture: A reappraisal. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 7(6), 14-23.
- Lozic, J. (2021). Financial analysis of Netflix platform at the time of Covid-19 pandemic. In: K. Hammes, H. Volarevic, & O. Kaurova (Eds). Economic and Social Development (pp. 78-86). University of Warsaw.
- Mao, E. (2022). The effectiveness of event marketing in an attention economy: Findings from Twitch live-stream esports tournament events. Journal of Media Economics, 34(3), 194-211.
- Martín-Crespo, C., & Salamanca, A. (2007). El muestreo en la investigación cualitativa. Nure Investigación, 27, 1-4.
- Meier, A. (2012). Knowledge society. In: eDemocracy & eGovernment (pp. 191-204). Berlin: Springer.
- Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte (2019). Encuesta de Hábitos y Prácticas Culturales en España 2018-2019. Madrid: MCD.
- O’Brien, D. (2022). Free lunch for all? A path analysis on free mentality, paying intent and media budget for digital journalism. Journal of Media Economics, 34(1), 29-61.
- OECD (2019). The Economy of Well-being: Creating Opportunities for People’s Well-being and Economic Growth. Paris: OECD.
- Pigou, A. C. (1920). The Economics of Welfare. London: Macmillan.
- Pou, M. (2003). La crítica y los nuevos productos culturales electrónicos. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 9, 27-32.
- Primo, W. (2017). Ocio productivo, entretenimiento e industria cultural. Management Review, 2(2), 1-19.
- Rha, J. S., & Lee, H. H. (2022). Research trends in digital transformation in the service sector: A review based on network text analysis. Service Business, 16, 77-98.
- Rojas, M. (2014). El Estudio Científico de la Felicidad. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
- Sánchez Ruíz, E. (2006). Industrias culturales, diversidad y pluralismo en América Latina. Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación, 11, 207-221.
- Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2020) Renewal of business & economic thought after the globalization: Talentism & Happiness Economics. Bajo Palabra, 24, 293–318. https://doi.org/10.15366/bp.2020.24.015
- Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Sastre, F.J. (2022). Covid Syndemic Management According to the New Political Economy: Spanish Case and its Efficiency and Legitimacy Analysis. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 21(S5), 1-18
- Sánchez-Bayón A, & Trincado, E. (2020) Business and labour culture changes in digital paradigm. Cogito, 12(3), 225-243
- Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Trincado, E. (2021). Rise and fall of human research and the improvement of talent development in digital economy. Studies in Business and Economics, 16(3), 200-214.
- Sánchez-Bayón, A., García, M., & Lominchar, J. (2021). Wellbeing economics: Beyond the labour compliance and challenge for business culture. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(1S), 1-13
- Scheaffer, R., Mendenhall, W., & Lyman, R. (2007). Elementos de Muestreo. Madrid: Paraninfo.
- Sundara, M. T. (2002). Moral rights in the digital age: New possibilities for the democratization of culture. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 16(2), 187-197.
- Taleb, N. (2012). Antifragile. New York: Random House.
- UNESCO (2010). Políticas Para la Creatividad. Paris: UNESCO.
- United Nations (2012). Defining a New Economic Paradigm: The Report of the High-Level Meeting on Wellbeing and Happiness. New York: ONU.
- Urbina, D., & Ruiz-Villaverde, A. (2019). Critical review of homo economicus from five approaches. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 78(1), 63-93.
- Valero, J., & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2018). Balance de la Globalización y Teoría Social de la Posglobalización. Madrid: Dykinson.
- Veblen, T. (1899). Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. New York: Macmillan.
- Zallo, R. (1988). Economía de la Cultura. Madrid: Akal.
- Zwick, D., & Bradshaw, A. (2018). Biopolitical marketing and the commodification of social context. In: M. Tadajewski, M. Higgins, J. Denegri-Knott, & R. Varman (Eds). The Routledge Companion to Critical Marketing. London: Routledge.
COVID-19 impact into the Spanish cultural & entertainment industry: Assessment of public and private management in digital economy
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 122 - 134, 31.12.2023
Antonio Sánchez-bayón
,
Roberto Arpi
Öz
This research evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the Spanish cultural and entertainment industry in a context of digital economy, with the facilitation of cultural consumption and social wellbeing during the confinements. Thus, after discussing some issues related to digital economy and wellbeing economics, there is an empirical analysis based on data collected by means of a questionnaire. It is found that the consumption of culture has increased during the quarantine mainly as a means of entertainment for dealing with boredom, anxiety and stress. Audiovisual products were consumed by almost all individuals, especially in the form of movies and series. Regarding music, we find that singers or groups that performed live concerts and interacted with their fans via social networks were better positioned. Reading was also a relevant activity during the quarantine, with people preferring the paper format rather than the digital one. It is noteworthy that the most consumed cultural products from Spanish productions. In this way, the COVID-19 crisis did not necessarily generate a crisis for the cultural industry and, in fact, provided relevant opportunities for the growth and consolidation of this sector to the extent that the actors rapidly adapted to the digital transformation. Also, this digitalization of cultural organizations it helps to keep the social wellbeing with entertainment against the lonely and stressful situations.
Destekleyen Kurum
Acknowledgment: supported by GESCE-Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), GID-TICTAC CCEESS-URJC & INES-Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR).
Teşekkür
Acknowledgment: supported by GESCE-Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), GID-TICTAC CCEESS-URJC & INES-Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR).
Kaynakça
- Aced, C. (2018). Relaciones Públicas 2.0. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
- Adorno, T., & Horkheimer, M. (1947). Dialektik der Aufklärung. Amsterdam: Verlag.
- Bagus, P., Peña, J., & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2022). Capitalism, COVID-19 and lockdowns. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 31(SI), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041376
- Barr, A., & Copeland-Stewart, A. (2022). Playing video games during the COVID-19 pandemic and effects on player’s well-being. Games and Culture, 17(1), 122-139.
- Bonet, L., & Chávez, M. (2018). Tendencias, retos y tensiones globales de la gestion cultural y su formación. Córima, 3(4), 1-12.
- Bourdieu, P. (1979). La Distinction. Paris: Minuit.
- Bustamante, E. (2018). Las industrias culturales y creativas. Periférica Internacional, (18), 88-117.
- Caravaggio, L. (2016). Economía y felicidad. Estudios Económicos, 67, 97-118.
- Claussen, D (2011). Industria cultural, ayer y hoy. Constelaciones, 3, 315-321
- Díaz-Soto, D., Manzanero, D., & Toilliez, B. (2014). Philosophical Challenges of Plurality in a Global World. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Dupont, L. (2019). Agile innovation. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 28, 1-5.
- García, D.; & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2021). Consumo cultural y entretenimiento en la cuarentena de COVID-19 en España. Visual Review, 8(2), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.37467/gka-revvisual.v8.2805.
- García, S., & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2022). Management models in socio-cultural transformative organizations. Visual Review, 9(2), 223-244. https://doi.org/10.37467/gkarevvisual.v9.2806
- García-Vaquero, M., Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Lominchar, J. (2021). European green deal and recovery plan: green jobs, skills and wellbeing economics in Spain. Energies, 14(14), 4145. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144145
- Huerta de Soto, J., Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Bagus, P. (2021). Principles of monetary and financial sustainability and wellbeing in a post-COVID-19 world. Sustainability, 13(9), 4655 (1-11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094655
- International Monetary Fund (2020). World Economic Outlook: The Great Lockdown. Washington D.C.: IMF.
- Kroeber, C., & Kluckholn, L. (1952). Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. Cambridge: Peaboady Museum Press.
- Lasch, C. (1975). The democratization of culture: A reappraisal. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 7(6), 14-23.
- Lozic, J. (2021). Financial analysis of Netflix platform at the time of Covid-19 pandemic. In: K. Hammes, H. Volarevic, & O. Kaurova (Eds). Economic and Social Development (pp. 78-86). University of Warsaw.
- Mao, E. (2022). The effectiveness of event marketing in an attention economy: Findings from Twitch live-stream esports tournament events. Journal of Media Economics, 34(3), 194-211.
- Martín-Crespo, C., & Salamanca, A. (2007). El muestreo en la investigación cualitativa. Nure Investigación, 27, 1-4.
- Meier, A. (2012). Knowledge society. In: eDemocracy & eGovernment (pp. 191-204). Berlin: Springer.
- Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte (2019). Encuesta de Hábitos y Prácticas Culturales en España 2018-2019. Madrid: MCD.
- O’Brien, D. (2022). Free lunch for all? A path analysis on free mentality, paying intent and media budget for digital journalism. Journal of Media Economics, 34(1), 29-61.
- OECD (2019). The Economy of Well-being: Creating Opportunities for People’s Well-being and Economic Growth. Paris: OECD.
- Pigou, A. C. (1920). The Economics of Welfare. London: Macmillan.
- Pou, M. (2003). La crítica y los nuevos productos culturales electrónicos. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 9, 27-32.
- Primo, W. (2017). Ocio productivo, entretenimiento e industria cultural. Management Review, 2(2), 1-19.
- Rha, J. S., & Lee, H. H. (2022). Research trends in digital transformation in the service sector: A review based on network text analysis. Service Business, 16, 77-98.
- Rojas, M. (2014). El Estudio Científico de la Felicidad. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
- Sánchez Ruíz, E. (2006). Industrias culturales, diversidad y pluralismo en América Latina. Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación, 11, 207-221.
- Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2020) Renewal of business & economic thought after the globalization: Talentism & Happiness Economics. Bajo Palabra, 24, 293–318. https://doi.org/10.15366/bp.2020.24.015
- Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Sastre, F.J. (2022). Covid Syndemic Management According to the New Political Economy: Spanish Case and its Efficiency and Legitimacy Analysis. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 21(S5), 1-18
- Sánchez-Bayón A, & Trincado, E. (2020) Business and labour culture changes in digital paradigm. Cogito, 12(3), 225-243
- Sánchez-Bayón, A., & Trincado, E. (2021). Rise and fall of human research and the improvement of talent development in digital economy. Studies in Business and Economics, 16(3), 200-214.
- Sánchez-Bayón, A., García, M., & Lominchar, J. (2021). Wellbeing economics: Beyond the labour compliance and challenge for business culture. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 24(1S), 1-13
- Scheaffer, R., Mendenhall, W., & Lyman, R. (2007). Elementos de Muestreo. Madrid: Paraninfo.
- Sundara, M. T. (2002). Moral rights in the digital age: New possibilities for the democratization of culture. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 16(2), 187-197.
- Taleb, N. (2012). Antifragile. New York: Random House.
- UNESCO (2010). Políticas Para la Creatividad. Paris: UNESCO.
- United Nations (2012). Defining a New Economic Paradigm: The Report of the High-Level Meeting on Wellbeing and Happiness. New York: ONU.
- Urbina, D., & Ruiz-Villaverde, A. (2019). Critical review of homo economicus from five approaches. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 78(1), 63-93.
- Valero, J., & Sánchez-Bayón, A. (2018). Balance de la Globalización y Teoría Social de la Posglobalización. Madrid: Dykinson.
- Veblen, T. (1899). Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions. New York: Macmillan.
- Zallo, R. (1988). Economía de la Cultura. Madrid: Akal.
- Zwick, D., & Bradshaw, A. (2018). Biopolitical marketing and the commodification of social context. In: M. Tadajewski, M. Higgins, J. Denegri-Knott, & R. Varman (Eds). The Routledge Companion to Critical Marketing. London: Routledge.