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Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı ve Ağrı Yönetimi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 7, 11.09.2020

Öz

Hemodiyaliz tedavisi uygulanan hastalarda, hastalığa ve tedavi yöntemine bağlı ağrı, bulantı, kusma, anemi gibi birçok semptom ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hastaların sık deneyimledikleri semptomlardan biri olan ağrı, bireyleri fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik olarak olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Etkili ağrı yönetimi temel insan haklarından biri olup, sağlık personellerinin en önemli sorumlulukları arasında yer almaktadır. Bundan dolayı hastalarda ağrının varlığı, nedeni, yeri, niteliği, şiddeti detaylı bir şekilde değerlendirilerek uygun girişimlerle ağrı yönetimi sağlanmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı, hemodiyaliz hastalarında ağrının sıklığı, nedenleri, şiddeti ve yönetimi tanımlanarak, sağlık profesyonellerinin semptom yönetimine katkı sağlanmak istenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akça, N.K., Doğan, A. (2011). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarının Diyaliz Sonrası Yaşadığı Sorunlar ve Evde Bakım Gereksinimleri. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 1: 15-22.
  • Akça, N.K., Arslan, D. (2015). Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan 65 Yaş Altı Bireylerde Ağrı ve Baş Etme Yöntemleri. Türk Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Dergisi 24(3): 278-282.
  • Arab, V., Bagheri-Nesami, M., Mousavinasab, S.N., Espahbodi, F., Pouresmail, Z. (2017). Comparison of the effects of Hegu point ice massage and 2% lidocaine gel on Arteriovenous fistula puncturerelated pain in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Caring Sci 6:141-151.
  • Atik, D., Karatepe, H., Karatepe, C., Demir, S., Sökmen, S. (2016). The Effect of Gender on The Complications, Pain Intensity and Pain Management in Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Res Med Sci 4: 1490-1495.
  • Barakzoy, A.S., Moss, A.H. (2006). The Efficacy of The World Health Organization Analgesic Ladder to Treat Pain in End-Stage Renal Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 3198-3203.
  • Biçer, S., Unsal, A., Demir, G. (2015). The Effect of Aromatherapy Massage Applied to Facial Area Upon Headache Severity Among Patients Who Suffered from Headache During Hemodialysis. International Journal of Caring Sciences 3: 722-728.
  • Bourbonnais, F.F., Tousignant, K.F. (2012). The pain experience of patient on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal 39(1):13-19.
  • Brkovic, T., Burilovic, E., Puljak, L. (2016). Prevalence and Severity of Pain in Adult End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Chronic İntermittent Hemodialysis: A Systemic Review. Patient Preference and Adherence 10:1131-1150.
  • Brkovic, T., Burilovic, E., Puljak, L. (2018). Risk Factors Associated with Pain on Chronic Intermittent Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review. Pain Pract. 18(2):247-268.
  • Calls, J., Rodríguez Calero, M., Hernández Sánchez, D., Gutiérrez Navarro, M.J., Juan Amer, F., Tura, D., Torrijoset, J.J. (2009). An Evaluation of Pain in Hemodialysis Patients Using Different Validated Measurement Scales. Nefrologia 29:236-243.
  • Caplin, B., Kumar, S., Davenport, A. (2011). Patients’ Perspective of Haemodialysis Associated Symptoms. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 26(8):2656-2663.
  • Cavlak, U., Aslan, U.B., Yağcı, N., Altuğ, F. (2015). Kronik Muskuloskeletal Ağrının Fizyoterapi-Rehabilitasyon ile Yönetim. Turkiye Klinikleri J Physiother Rehabil-Special Topics 1(1):70-90.
  • Çaydam, Ö.D., Pakyüz, S.Ç. (2016). Hemodiyalizin Kronik Komplikasyonları ve Bakım. Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi 1:61-73.
  • Davıson, S.N., Jhangrı, G.S. (2010). Impact of pain and symptom burden on the health-related quality of life of hemodialysis patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 39:477-485.
  • Davtalab, E., Naji, S., Shahidi, S. (2016). Comparing the effects of Valsalva maneuver and ice massage at Hoku point methods on pain intensity within the needle insertion to the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for patients undergoing hemodialysis in the selected hospitals in Isfahan in 2015. International Journal of Medical Research &Health Sciences 5(S):101-107.
  • Elsurer, R., Afsar, B., Mercanoglu, E. (2013). Bone Pain Assessment and Relationship with Parathyroid Hormone and Health-Related Quality of Life in Hemodialysis, Renal Failure 35(5): 667-672. DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2013.780617
  • El-Najjara, A.R., Amara, H.A., El wahab Selima, H.A., El sherbinyb, E.M., Ibrahemb, M., Fouadb, M.(2018). Musculoskeletal disorders in hemodialysis patients and its impact on physical function (Zagazig University Nephrology Unit, Egypt). Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 41:152–159.
  • Er, M.S., Eroğlu, M., Altınel, E.C., Altınel, L. (2013). Hemodialysis and Pain. Turkish Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Journal 22(2):167-170.
  • Fidan, F., Alkan, B.M., Tosun, A., Altunoǧlu, A., Ardiçoǧlu, O. (2016). Quality of Life and Correlation with Musculoskeletal Problems, Hand Disability and Depression in Patients with Hemodialysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 19(2):159–166.
  • Fleishman, T.T., Dreiher, J., Shvartzman, P. (2018). Pain in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 56(2):178-184. Gamondi, C., Galli, N., Schönholzer, C., Marone, C., Zwahlen, H., Gabutti, L., Bianchi, G., Ferrier, C., Cereghetti, C., Giannini, O. (2013). Frequency and Severity of Pain and Symptom Distress among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Dialysis. Swiss Med Wkly 143:w13750.
  • Ghonemy, T.A., Allam, H.M., Elokely, A.M., Kadry, Y.A., Omar, H.M. (2016). Chronic pain in hemodialysis patients: Role of bone mineral metabolism. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 52(4): 337-342.
  • Golan, E., Haggiag, I., Os, P., Bernheim, J. (2009). Calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D: major determinants of chronic pain in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 4: 1374-1380.
  • Güney, F., Yıldız, G.Ü. (2016). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı Yönetimi ve Yaşam Kalitesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nephrol-Special Topics 8(3):60-66.
  • Harris, T.J., Nazir, R., Khetpal, P., Peterson, R.A., Chava, P., Patel, S.S., Kimmel, P.L. (2012). Pain, Sleep Disturbance and Survival in Hemodialysis Patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 27 (2):758-765.
  • Hintistan, S., Deniz, A. (2018). Evaluation of Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Bezmialem Science 6:112-118.
  • Hsu, H.J., Yen, C.H., Hsu, K.H., Wu, I.W., Lee, C.C., Hung, M.J., Sun, C.Y., Chou, C.C., Chen, Y.C., Hsieh, M.F., Chen, C.Y., Hsu, C.Y., Tsai, C.J., Wu, M.S. (2014). Factors Associated with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. BMC Nephrology 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-15-6.
  • İtişgen, V., Kara, B. (2016). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı Yönetimi. Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi 2(2):18-25.
  • Jesus, A., Oliveira, H.A., Paixão, M.O., Fraga, T.P., Barreto, F.J., Valença, M.M. (2009). Clinical description of hemodialysis headache in end-stage renal disease patients. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 67(4):978–981.
  • Jokar, M., Adle, F. (2016). Musculuskeletal system involvement in hemodialysis patients. Rheum. Res. 1(1):23-26
  • Kafkia, T., Vehvilainen- Julkunen, K., Sapountzi- Krepia, D. (2014). Assessment and Management of Pain in Hemodialysis Patient: A Pilot Study. Progress in Health Sciences 4(1):53-60.
  • Kesikburun, B., Ekşioğlu, E., Akdağ, İ., Çakçı, A. (2018).Low back pain in hemodialysis patients: Risk factors and its impact on health-related quality of life. Turk J Phys Med Rehab. 64(1):66-71.
  • Koncicki, H.M., Brennan, F., Vinen, K., Davison, S.N. (2015). An Approach to Pain Management in End Stage Renal Disease: Considerations for General Management and Intradialytic Symptoms. Semin Dial 28: 384–391.
  • Marques V.D.R., Benettı, P.E., Benettı, E.R.R., Rosanellı C.L.S.P., Colet C.D.F., Stumm, E.M.F. (2016). Pain Intensity Assessment in Chronic Renal Patients on Hemodialysis. Rev Dor. São Paulo 17(2):96-100.
  • Masajtis-Zagajewska, A., Pietrasik, P., Krawczyk, J., Krakowska, M., Jarzebski, T., Pietrasiewicz, B., Zbrog, Z., Nowicki, M. (2011). Similar Prevalence but Different Characteristics of Pain in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Clinical Transplantation 25(2):144–151.
  • Mathew, R.O., Bettinger, J.J., Wegrzyn, E.L., Fudin, J. (2016). Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations for Chronic Pain in Chronic Kidney and End-Stage Renal Disease. J Pain Res. 9: 1191–1195.
  • Noordzij, M., Boeschoten, E.W., Bos, W.J., Dekker, F.W., Bossuyt, P.M., Krediet, R.T., Korevaar, J.C., Necosad Study Group. (2007). Disturbed Mineral Metabolism is Associated with Muscle and Skin Complaints in A Prospective Cohort of Dialysis Patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:2944-2949.
  • Özveren, H. (2011). Ağrı Kontrolünde Farmakolojik Olmayan Yöntemler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 18(1):83-92.
  • Özveren, H., Faydalı, S., Özdemir, S. (2016). Hemşirelerin Ağrının Farmakolojik Olmayan Yöntemlerle Kontrolüne İlişkin Bilgi ve Uygulamaları. Turk J Clin Lab 7(4):99-105.
  • Özyiğit, S., Yıldırım, Y., Karaman, E. (2016). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı. Turk Neph Dial Transpl 25(1): 88-94.
  • Patel, S.S. (2013). Treating Pain İmprove Quality of Life in End Stage Renal Disease. Seminars in Dialysis 26(3):268-273.
  • Pham, P.C., Toscano, E., Pham, P.M., Pham, P.A., Pham, S.V., Pham, P.T. (2009). Pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease. NDT Plus. 2:111-118.
  • Prabhakar, Singh R.G., Singh, S., Rathore, S.S., Choudhary, T.A. (2015). Spectrum of Intradialytic Complications During Hemodialysis and Its Management: A Single-Center Experience. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation 26(1):168-172.
  • Rabiqa, D., Tanveer, E., Saleem, U., Kumar, V. (2018). Health Assessment And Severity Of Pain Among Hemodialysis Patients. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 9(1):1020-1027.
  • Rambod, M., Sharif, F., Pourali-Mohammadi, N., Pasya, N., Rafii, F. (2014). Evaluation of the Effect of Benson's Relaxation Technique on Pain and Quality of Life of Haemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Nurs Stud 51(7):964-973.
  • Sakhaeı, S., Motaarefı, H., Sadagheyanı, H.E. (2018). Comparıng The Effect Of Ice Massage And Acupressure On The Intensıty Of The Venıpuncture Paın In Hemodıalysıs Patıents. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 9(1):164-170.
  • Santoro, D., Satta, E., Messina, S., Costantino, G., Savica, V., Bellinghierig G. (2013). Pain in end-stage renal disease: a frequent and neglected clinicalproblem.Clin Nephrol 79(Suppl 1):2–11.
  • Silva, O.M., Bautitz, B., Benedeti, F., Pauly, F., Silva, E.R.R. (2016). Chronic Pain and Pharmacotherapy in Chronic Renal Patients on Hemodialysis. Open Journal of Nursing 6:741-750.
  • Strategies to Improve Pain Management. http://americanpainsociety.org/uploads/education/section_5.pdf. Erişim tarihi:23.02.2020.
  • Türkiye 2018 Yılı Ulusal Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Kayıt Sistemi Raporu. http://www.nefroloji.org.tr/folders/file/REGISTRY_2018.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2020.
  • Usta, Y.Y., Demir, Y. (2014). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Yorgunluğa Etki Eden Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Anatol J Clin Investig 8(1):21-27.
  • Vicdan, A.K., Karabacak, B.G. (2014). Roy adaptasyon modelinin hemodiyaliz hasta eğitiminde kullanımı. International Journal of Human Sciences. 11(2):209-220.
  • Vargas-Schaffer, G. (2010). Is the WHO Analgesic Ladder Still Valid? Twentyfour Years of Experience. Can Fam Physician 56:514–517.
  • Vides, M.C., Martins, M.R.I. (2017). Bone pain assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Rev Dor. São Paulo 18(3):245-249.
  • Yeşil, S., Karslı, B., Kayacan, N., Süleymanlar, G., Ersoy, F. (2015). Hemodiyaliz Uygulanan Kronik Böbrek Yetmezlikli Hastalarda Ağrı Değerlendirmesi. Ağrı 27(4):197-204.
  • Zyga, S., Sachlas, A., Stathoulis, J., Aroni, A., Theofilou, P., Panoutsopoulos, G. (2015). Management of Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis. Pain Management Nursing 16(5):712-720.

Pain and Pain Management in Hemodialysis Patients

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 1 - 7, 11.09.2020

Öz

Many symptoms arise in patients receiving hemodialysis therapy like pain, nausea, vomiting, and anemia. Pain is a frequently experienced symptom by patients and negatively affects individuals physically, socially and psychologically. Effective pain management is among basic human rights and one of the most important responsibilities of health personnel. Therefore, presence, reason, place, characteristics and severity of the pain must be evaluated in detail and pain managements must be performed by necessary interventions. This review aimed to define the frequency, reasons, severity and management of pain in hemodialysis patients and contribute to pain management by health professionals

Kaynakça

  • Akça, N.K., Doğan, A. (2011). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarının Diyaliz Sonrası Yaşadığı Sorunlar ve Evde Bakım Gereksinimleri. Bozok Tıp Dergisi 1: 15-22.
  • Akça, N.K., Arslan, D. (2015). Hemodiyaliz Tedavisi Alan 65 Yaş Altı Bireylerde Ağrı ve Baş Etme Yöntemleri. Türk Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Dergisi 24(3): 278-282.
  • Arab, V., Bagheri-Nesami, M., Mousavinasab, S.N., Espahbodi, F., Pouresmail, Z. (2017). Comparison of the effects of Hegu point ice massage and 2% lidocaine gel on Arteriovenous fistula puncturerelated pain in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Caring Sci 6:141-151.
  • Atik, D., Karatepe, H., Karatepe, C., Demir, S., Sökmen, S. (2016). The Effect of Gender on The Complications, Pain Intensity and Pain Management in Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Res Med Sci 4: 1490-1495.
  • Barakzoy, A.S., Moss, A.H. (2006). The Efficacy of The World Health Organization Analgesic Ladder to Treat Pain in End-Stage Renal Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 3198-3203.
  • Biçer, S., Unsal, A., Demir, G. (2015). The Effect of Aromatherapy Massage Applied to Facial Area Upon Headache Severity Among Patients Who Suffered from Headache During Hemodialysis. International Journal of Caring Sciences 3: 722-728.
  • Bourbonnais, F.F., Tousignant, K.F. (2012). The pain experience of patient on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal 39(1):13-19.
  • Brkovic, T., Burilovic, E., Puljak, L. (2016). Prevalence and Severity of Pain in Adult End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Chronic İntermittent Hemodialysis: A Systemic Review. Patient Preference and Adherence 10:1131-1150.
  • Brkovic, T., Burilovic, E., Puljak, L. (2018). Risk Factors Associated with Pain on Chronic Intermittent Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review. Pain Pract. 18(2):247-268.
  • Calls, J., Rodríguez Calero, M., Hernández Sánchez, D., Gutiérrez Navarro, M.J., Juan Amer, F., Tura, D., Torrijoset, J.J. (2009). An Evaluation of Pain in Hemodialysis Patients Using Different Validated Measurement Scales. Nefrologia 29:236-243.
  • Caplin, B., Kumar, S., Davenport, A. (2011). Patients’ Perspective of Haemodialysis Associated Symptoms. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 26(8):2656-2663.
  • Cavlak, U., Aslan, U.B., Yağcı, N., Altuğ, F. (2015). Kronik Muskuloskeletal Ağrının Fizyoterapi-Rehabilitasyon ile Yönetim. Turkiye Klinikleri J Physiother Rehabil-Special Topics 1(1):70-90.
  • Çaydam, Ö.D., Pakyüz, S.Ç. (2016). Hemodiyalizin Kronik Komplikasyonları ve Bakım. Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi 1:61-73.
  • Davıson, S.N., Jhangrı, G.S. (2010). Impact of pain and symptom burden on the health-related quality of life of hemodialysis patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 39:477-485.
  • Davtalab, E., Naji, S., Shahidi, S. (2016). Comparing the effects of Valsalva maneuver and ice massage at Hoku point methods on pain intensity within the needle insertion to the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for patients undergoing hemodialysis in the selected hospitals in Isfahan in 2015. International Journal of Medical Research &Health Sciences 5(S):101-107.
  • Elsurer, R., Afsar, B., Mercanoglu, E. (2013). Bone Pain Assessment and Relationship with Parathyroid Hormone and Health-Related Quality of Life in Hemodialysis, Renal Failure 35(5): 667-672. DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2013.780617
  • El-Najjara, A.R., Amara, H.A., El wahab Selima, H.A., El sherbinyb, E.M., Ibrahemb, M., Fouadb, M.(2018). Musculoskeletal disorders in hemodialysis patients and its impact on physical function (Zagazig University Nephrology Unit, Egypt). Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 41:152–159.
  • Er, M.S., Eroğlu, M., Altınel, E.C., Altınel, L. (2013). Hemodialysis and Pain. Turkish Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Journal 22(2):167-170.
  • Fidan, F., Alkan, B.M., Tosun, A., Altunoǧlu, A., Ardiçoǧlu, O. (2016). Quality of Life and Correlation with Musculoskeletal Problems, Hand Disability and Depression in Patients with Hemodialysis. Int J Rheum Dis. 19(2):159–166.
  • Fleishman, T.T., Dreiher, J., Shvartzman, P. (2018). Pain in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 56(2):178-184. Gamondi, C., Galli, N., Schönholzer, C., Marone, C., Zwahlen, H., Gabutti, L., Bianchi, G., Ferrier, C., Cereghetti, C., Giannini, O. (2013). Frequency and Severity of Pain and Symptom Distress among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Dialysis. Swiss Med Wkly 143:w13750.
  • Ghonemy, T.A., Allam, H.M., Elokely, A.M., Kadry, Y.A., Omar, H.M. (2016). Chronic pain in hemodialysis patients: Role of bone mineral metabolism. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 52(4): 337-342.
  • Golan, E., Haggiag, I., Os, P., Bernheim, J. (2009). Calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D: major determinants of chronic pain in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 4: 1374-1380.
  • Güney, F., Yıldız, G.Ü. (2016). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı Yönetimi ve Yaşam Kalitesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nephrol-Special Topics 8(3):60-66.
  • Harris, T.J., Nazir, R., Khetpal, P., Peterson, R.A., Chava, P., Patel, S.S., Kimmel, P.L. (2012). Pain, Sleep Disturbance and Survival in Hemodialysis Patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transpl. 27 (2):758-765.
  • Hintistan, S., Deniz, A. (2018). Evaluation of Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Bezmialem Science 6:112-118.
  • Hsu, H.J., Yen, C.H., Hsu, K.H., Wu, I.W., Lee, C.C., Hung, M.J., Sun, C.Y., Chou, C.C., Chen, Y.C., Hsieh, M.F., Chen, C.Y., Hsu, C.Y., Tsai, C.J., Wu, M.S. (2014). Factors Associated with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. BMC Nephrology 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-15-6.
  • İtişgen, V., Kara, B. (2016). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı Yönetimi. Nefroloji Hemşireliği Dergisi 2(2):18-25.
  • Jesus, A., Oliveira, H.A., Paixão, M.O., Fraga, T.P., Barreto, F.J., Valença, M.M. (2009). Clinical description of hemodialysis headache in end-stage renal disease patients. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 67(4):978–981.
  • Jokar, M., Adle, F. (2016). Musculuskeletal system involvement in hemodialysis patients. Rheum. Res. 1(1):23-26
  • Kafkia, T., Vehvilainen- Julkunen, K., Sapountzi- Krepia, D. (2014). Assessment and Management of Pain in Hemodialysis Patient: A Pilot Study. Progress in Health Sciences 4(1):53-60.
  • Kesikburun, B., Ekşioğlu, E., Akdağ, İ., Çakçı, A. (2018).Low back pain in hemodialysis patients: Risk factors and its impact on health-related quality of life. Turk J Phys Med Rehab. 64(1):66-71.
  • Koncicki, H.M., Brennan, F., Vinen, K., Davison, S.N. (2015). An Approach to Pain Management in End Stage Renal Disease: Considerations for General Management and Intradialytic Symptoms. Semin Dial 28: 384–391.
  • Marques V.D.R., Benettı, P.E., Benettı, E.R.R., Rosanellı C.L.S.P., Colet C.D.F., Stumm, E.M.F. (2016). Pain Intensity Assessment in Chronic Renal Patients on Hemodialysis. Rev Dor. São Paulo 17(2):96-100.
  • Masajtis-Zagajewska, A., Pietrasik, P., Krawczyk, J., Krakowska, M., Jarzebski, T., Pietrasiewicz, B., Zbrog, Z., Nowicki, M. (2011). Similar Prevalence but Different Characteristics of Pain in Kidney Transplant Recipients and Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Clinical Transplantation 25(2):144–151.
  • Mathew, R.O., Bettinger, J.J., Wegrzyn, E.L., Fudin, J. (2016). Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations for Chronic Pain in Chronic Kidney and End-Stage Renal Disease. J Pain Res. 9: 1191–1195.
  • Noordzij, M., Boeschoten, E.W., Bos, W.J., Dekker, F.W., Bossuyt, P.M., Krediet, R.T., Korevaar, J.C., Necosad Study Group. (2007). Disturbed Mineral Metabolism is Associated with Muscle and Skin Complaints in A Prospective Cohort of Dialysis Patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22:2944-2949.
  • Özveren, H. (2011). Ağrı Kontrolünde Farmakolojik Olmayan Yöntemler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 18(1):83-92.
  • Özveren, H., Faydalı, S., Özdemir, S. (2016). Hemşirelerin Ağrının Farmakolojik Olmayan Yöntemlerle Kontrolüne İlişkin Bilgi ve Uygulamaları. Turk J Clin Lab 7(4):99-105.
  • Özyiğit, S., Yıldırım, Y., Karaman, E. (2016). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı. Turk Neph Dial Transpl 25(1): 88-94.
  • Patel, S.S. (2013). Treating Pain İmprove Quality of Life in End Stage Renal Disease. Seminars in Dialysis 26(3):268-273.
  • Pham, P.C., Toscano, E., Pham, P.M., Pham, P.A., Pham, S.V., Pham, P.T. (2009). Pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease. NDT Plus. 2:111-118.
  • Prabhakar, Singh R.G., Singh, S., Rathore, S.S., Choudhary, T.A. (2015). Spectrum of Intradialytic Complications During Hemodialysis and Its Management: A Single-Center Experience. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation 26(1):168-172.
  • Rabiqa, D., Tanveer, E., Saleem, U., Kumar, V. (2018). Health Assessment And Severity Of Pain Among Hemodialysis Patients. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 9(1):1020-1027.
  • Rambod, M., Sharif, F., Pourali-Mohammadi, N., Pasya, N., Rafii, F. (2014). Evaluation of the Effect of Benson's Relaxation Technique on Pain and Quality of Life of Haemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Nurs Stud 51(7):964-973.
  • Sakhaeı, S., Motaarefı, H., Sadagheyanı, H.E. (2018). Comparıng The Effect Of Ice Massage And Acupressure On The Intensıty Of The Venıpuncture Paın In Hemodıalysıs Patıents. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 9(1):164-170.
  • Santoro, D., Satta, E., Messina, S., Costantino, G., Savica, V., Bellinghierig G. (2013). Pain in end-stage renal disease: a frequent and neglected clinicalproblem.Clin Nephrol 79(Suppl 1):2–11.
  • Silva, O.M., Bautitz, B., Benedeti, F., Pauly, F., Silva, E.R.R. (2016). Chronic Pain and Pharmacotherapy in Chronic Renal Patients on Hemodialysis. Open Journal of Nursing 6:741-750.
  • Strategies to Improve Pain Management. http://americanpainsociety.org/uploads/education/section_5.pdf. Erişim tarihi:23.02.2020.
  • Türkiye 2018 Yılı Ulusal Nefroloji, Diyaliz ve Transplantasyon Kayıt Sistemi Raporu. http://www.nefroloji.org.tr/folders/file/REGISTRY_2018.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2020.
  • Usta, Y.Y., Demir, Y. (2014). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Yorgunluğa Etki Eden Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Anatol J Clin Investig 8(1):21-27.
  • Vicdan, A.K., Karabacak, B.G. (2014). Roy adaptasyon modelinin hemodiyaliz hasta eğitiminde kullanımı. International Journal of Human Sciences. 11(2):209-220.
  • Vargas-Schaffer, G. (2010). Is the WHO Analgesic Ladder Still Valid? Twentyfour Years of Experience. Can Fam Physician 56:514–517.
  • Vides, M.C., Martins, M.R.I. (2017). Bone pain assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Rev Dor. São Paulo 18(3):245-249.
  • Yeşil, S., Karslı, B., Kayacan, N., Süleymanlar, G., Ersoy, F. (2015). Hemodiyaliz Uygulanan Kronik Böbrek Yetmezlikli Hastalarda Ağrı Değerlendirmesi. Ağrı 27(4):197-204.
  • Zyga, S., Sachlas, A., Stathoulis, J., Aroni, A., Theofilou, P., Panoutsopoulos, G. (2015). Management of Pain and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis. Pain Management Nursing 16(5):712-720.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Zülfünaz Özer

Sebahat Ateş Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8300-8037

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Eylül 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Mart 2020
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özer, Z., & Ateş, S. (2020). Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Ağrı ve Ağrı Yönetimi. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 1-7.

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