Evaluation of Fruit Residues as a Feed Material Based on Nutrient Content and Gas Production

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the nutrient content, gas production, methane production, metabolisable energy, and organic matter digestibility of some fruit residues obtained from markets. Lemon, orange, tangerine, apple, melon, watermelon, pomegranate, and pear were used as study materials. On the collected materials, crude ash (CA), dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), and crude protein (CP) analysis were performed; gas production (GP) values were found; and metabolic energy (ME) contents and organic matter digestibility (OMD) degrees of residues were calculated depending on these values. The species significantly (P<0.001) affected the nutrient content and GP values of residues. The CA, DM, ADF, NDF, EE, and CP of fruit residues varied between 0.44 and 0.99%, 6.81 and 25.65%, 5.02 and 16.75%, 8.15 and 21.04%, 3.32 and 12.55%, and 1.81 and 10.89%, respectively. The GP, net methane, percentage of methane, ME, and OMD of residues varied between 61.22 and 90.95 ml, 6.93 to 11.04 ml, 10.96 to 12.92%, 10.91 to 14.92 mj kg-1 DM, and 72.62 to 98.96%, respectively. Based on the findings obtained as a result of the study, it is understood that these residues can be a good feed source for ruminant animals, but it is thought that studies on the use of these water-rich residues by both the drying method and silage with other feed materials should continue. Considering its anti-methanogenic properties, pomegranate residues were close to this potential but were not found at the desired level. By using these residues, which are seen as garbage, in animal nutrition, environmental pollution will be prevented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• fruit residues
• gas production
• market wastes
• nutrient content

Kaynakça

1. AOAC., 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. pp.66-88.
2. Filya, İ., 2001. Silaj teknolojisi. U.Ü.Z.F. Zootekni B., Görükle - Bursa, Hakan ofset - İzmir.
3. Goel, G., Makkar, H.P.S., Becker, K., 2008. Effect of sesbania sesban and carduus pycnocephalus leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) seeds and their extract on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 147(1-3), 72-89.
4. Karaçalı, İ., 2004. Bahçe Ürünlerinin Muhafaza ve Pazarlanması, E.Ü.Z.F.Yayınları No:494. E.Ü. Basımevi, Bornova - İzmir.
5. Kılıç, A., 1986. Silo yemi. Bilgehan Basımevi. Bornova - İzmir.
6. Lopez, S., Makkar, H.P.S., Soliva, C.R. 2010. Screening plants and plant products for methane inhibitors. In: Vercoe PE, Makkar HPS, Schlink A, (Eds): In vitro screening of plant resources for extra nutritional attributes in ruminants: Nuclear and related methodologies. London, New York, pp. 191- 231.
7. Marino, T.C., Hector, B., Rodrigues, P.H.M., Borgatti, L.M.O., Meyer, P.M., Silva, E.J.A., Orskov, E.R., 2010. Characterization of vegetables and fruits potential as ruminant feed by in vitro gas production technique. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 22, 1–9.
8. Menke, K.H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D., Schneider, W., 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science, 93, 217-222.

9. Menke, K.H., Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production. Animal Research Development, 28, 7-55.
10. Özdüven, M.L., Coşkuntuna, L., Koç, F., 2005. Üzüm posası silajının fermantasyon ve yem değeri özelliklerinin saptanması. Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 45-50.
11. SPSS, 2011. IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 17.0. New York: IBM Corp 440.
12. TUİK, 2015. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel ürün denge tabloları. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=104&locale=tr
13. Van Soest, P.V., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583- 3597.
14. Vural, H., Eşiyok, D., Duman, İ., 2000. Kültür sebzeleri (Sebze yetiştirme), Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi Bornova, ss: 253-260.