İmidazolinone-Tolerant Kültür Bitkileri ve Yabancı Ot Mücadelesinde Kullanımı

Öz

Yabancı otlar, kültür bitkileriyle su, besin maddesi, ışık ve yer gibi kaynaklar için rekabete girerek zarar oluştururlar. Mücadelesinde, kısa sürede sonuç vermesi ve kullanım kolaylığı gibi avantajları sebebiyle daha çok kimyasal mücadele yöntemi tercih edilmektedir. Ancak yoğun herbisit kullanımı sonucu ortaya çıkan direnç sorunu, selektif herbisitlerin geliştirilmesiyle daha da artmıştır. Özellikle ALS (Asetolaktat sentaz) inhibitörü herbisitlere olan dayanıklılık sorunu ilk sıradadır. Dar ve geniş yapraklı yabancı otlara karşı yaygın olarak ALS inhibitörü herbisit grubundan Sulfonylurea sınıfı içerisinde yer alan aktif maddelerden imidazolinonlar kullanılmaktadır. İmidazolinonlar, düşük dozlarda bile etkili olan çok geniş yabancı ot etki spektrumuna sahip olup hayvanlar, kuşlar, balıklar ve omurgasızlar üzerinde düşük toksisite olması ile nispeten çevresel profile uygun herbisitlerdir. Bu özellikleri, geleneksel üretim teknikleri (transgenik olmayan) ile imidazolinon-tolerant (imi-tolerant) kültür bitkilerin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. İmi-tolerant kültür bitkilerinden kasıt, imidazolinon grubu herbisitlere karşı toleranslı bitkilerdir. Bu bitkilerin kullanıldığı üretim alanlarında yabancı otların kontrolü sağlanırken, ürünün zarar görmesini engellemek amaçlanmaktadır. Yabancı otlarla mücadelede düşük maliyet, daha iyi ve etkin kontrol sayesinde tarımsal üretimde verim artış sağlanması gibi avantajları vardır. Ancak imi-tolerant bitkilerin ekimi yapılan alanlarda yoğun herbisit kullanımına bağlı olumsuz çevresel etkiler, kültür bitkisine akraba yabancı ot türlerine gen kaçışı ve buna bağlı olarak dirençli yabancı otların ortaya çıkışı gibi bir takım dezavantajları olabilir. Bu derlemede, imi-tolerant bitkilerin yabancı ot mücadelesinde kullanım avantajları ve dezavantajları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Herbisit
• ALS inhibitörü
• Herbisit Toleransı
• İmidazolinon
• İmi-tolerant

Imidazolinone-Tolerant Crop Plants and Their Use in Weed Control

Öz

Weeds cause damage by competing with crops for resources such as water, nutrients, light and space. In its control, chemical control methods are preferred due to its advantages such as short-term results and ease of use. However, the problem of resistance, which arises as a result of intensive use of herbicides, has increased with the development of selective herbicides. In particular, the problem of resistance to ALS (Acetolactate synthase) inhibitor herbicides is in the first place. Imidazolinones, one of the active substances in the sulfonylurea class from the ALS inhibitor herbicide group, are widely used against narrow and broad-leaved weeds. Imidazolinones have a very broad weed spectrum that is effective even at low doses, and are herbicides with a relatively environmental profile, with low toxicity to animals, birds, fish and invertebrates. These features have enabled the development of imidazolinone-tolerant (IMI-tolerant) crops with traditional production (non-transgenic) techniques. IMI-tolerant crops mean that are tolerant to imidazolinone group herbicides. While controlling weeds in the production areas where these crops are used, it is aimed to prevent the product from being damaged. It has advantages such as low cost, better and more effective control of weeds, increasing the yield in agricultural production. However, there may be some disadvantages such as negative environmental effects due to intensive use of herbicides in the areas where IMI-tolerant plants are cultivated, gene escape to weed species related to the cultivated plant and the emergence of resistant weeds accordingly. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of using IMI-tolerant plants in weed control are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Herbicide
• Imidazolinone
• ALS inhibitor
• Herbicide tolerance
• IMI-tolerant

Kaynakça

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