PRAYING IN A SECULARIZED SOCIETY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PRAYING PRACTICES AND VARIETIES

Yıl 2019, , 165 - 176, 15.12.2019

Çevirmen: Fatma Kırman

https://doi.org/10.46595/jad.579562

Cited By: 2

Öz

Social
scientific studies from the secular Netherlands has pointed out that religious
rituals such as praying are still widely present. This study examines the
content of the praying practices of the Dutch and distinguishes varieties of
prayer by analyzing answers to open-ended questions of a representative Dutch
survey (N=1.008). It is concluded,
first, that a majority of the Dutch prays. Second, four varieties of prayer are
distinguished: petitionary, religious, meditative, and impulsive prayer.
Comparing these varieties with types of prayer found in other empirical
studies, it emerges that the petitionary and religious prayer are similar to
classical prayers found in other studies from less secularized countries,
whereas the meditative and impulsive prayers are fundamentally different from
other prayer types and can be considered as examples of a praying practice in a
secularized society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychology of religion, Prayer, Secular Society

SEKÜLER BİR TOPLUMDA DUA

Öz

Seküler Hollanda’da yapılan
sosyal bilimsel araştırmalar dua gibi dini ritüellerin hala yaygın bir biçimde
mevcut olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma, Hollandalıların dua
uygulamalarının içeriğini inceler ve Hollanda’yı temsil eden bir anket
araştırmasının (N=1.008) açık uçlu
sorularına verilen cevapları analiz ederek dua türlerini ayrıştırır.
Araştırmada şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: 1) Hollandalıların çoğu dua etmektedir.
2) Dört tür duadan söz edilebilir: a) niyaz, dini, tefekküri ve güdüsel. Bunlar
diğer ampirik çalışmalarda bulunan dua türleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, niyaz
ve dini duaların daha az seküler toplumlarda yapılan diğer çalışmalarda
rastlanan klasik dualara benzer olduğu ortaya çıkar. Buna karşın tefekküri ve
güdüsel dualar ise diğer dua türlerinden esas itibariyle farklı olup, seküler
bir toplumda bir dua örneği olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Din Psikolojisi, Seküler Toplum, Dua

Kaynakça

• Argyle, M., & Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1975), The Social Psychology of Religion, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
• Becker, J., & Vink, R. (1994), Secularisatie in Nederland 1966-1991 [Secularization in the Netherlands 1966-1991], Rijswijk, the Netherlands: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
• De Hart, J. (2006), Meer Geloof, Minder Kerk [More Belief, Less Church], Uitgave Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
• Dekker, G., Bernts, T., & De Hart, J. (2007), God in Nederland, 1996-2006 [God in the Netherlands, 1996-2006]. Kampen, the Netherlands: Ten Have BV.
• Dekker, G., De Hart, J., & Peters, J. (1997), God in Nederland, 1966-1996 [God in the Netherlands, 1966-1996], Amsterdam: Anthos.
• Di Nola, A. M. (1961). The Prayers of Man: From primitive peoples to present times, London: Heinemann.
• Eisinga, R., Coenders, M., Felling, A., Te Grotenhuis, M., Oomens, S., & Scheepers, P. (2002), Religion in Dutch society 2000: Documentation of a national survey on religious and secular attitudes in 2000, Amsterdam: Steinmetz Archive.
• Felling, A., Peters, J., & Scheepers, P. (1993), Individual Changes in the Netherlands 1985-1990: Documentation of a two wave panel research, Amsterdam: Steinmetz Archive/SWIDOC.
• Francis, L. J., & Evans, T. E. (1995), “The Psychology of Christian Prayer: A review of empirical research”, Religion, 25: 371-388.
• Grotenhuis, M. te, & Scheepers, P. (2001), “Churches in Dutch, causes of disaffiliation in the Netherlands 1937-1995”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 40: 591-606.
• Halman, L. (2001), The European Values Study: A third wave, Tilburg, the Netherlands: WORC.
• Heiler, F. (1921), Das Gebet: Eine religions geschichtliche und religions psychologische Untersuchung. München, Germany: Ernst Reinhardt.
• Hill, P., & Hood, R. W., Jr. (1999), Measures of Religiosity, Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
• Hutsebaut, D., & Verhoeven, D. (1995), “Studying Dimensions of God Representations: Choosing closed or open-ended research questions”, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 5(1): 49-60.
• James, W. (1995), De Varianten van Religieuze Ervaring, Utrecht, the Netherlands: Servire. (Original work published 1902)
• Janssen, J. (1990), Tekst-tabel. Een gecomputeriseerde methode voor het analyseren van open vragen [Text table. A computerized method to analyse open ended questions]. Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
• Janssen, J., & Bänziger, S. (2003), “Praying as a universalising variable”, Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 25: 100-112.
• Janssen, J., De Hart, J., & Den Draak, C. (1990), “A Content Analysis of the Praying Practices of Dutch Youth”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29: 99-107.Janssen, J., De Hart, J., & Gerardts, M. (1994), “Images of God in Adolescence”, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 4: 105-121.
• Janssen, J., Prins, M., Van der Lans, J., & Baerveldt, C. (2000), “The Structure and Variety of Prayer: An empirical study of Dutch youth”, Journal of Empirical Theology, 13: 29-54.
• Ladd, K. L., & Spilka, B. (2002), “Inward, Outward, and Upward: Cognitive aspects of prayer”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(3): 475-484.
• Laird, S. P., Snyder, C. R., Rapoff, M. A., & Green, S. (2004), “Measuring private prayer: Development, validation, and clinical application of the multidimensional prayer inventory”, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 14(4): 251-272.
• Mayring, P. (1988), Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlage und Technieken, Weinheim, Germany: Deutscher Studien Verlag.
• Poloma, M. M., & Gallup, G. H., Jr. (1991), Varieties of Prayer: A survey report, Philadelphia: Trinity Press International.
• Pratt, J. B. (1910/11), “An Empirical Study of Prayer”, American Journal of Religious Psychology and Education, 4, 48-67.
• Selbie, W. (1924), The Psychology of Religion, London: Oxford University Press.
• Spilka, B., Hood, R. W., Jr., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. L. (2003), The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford.
• Wulff, D. M. (2001/02), “The Psychology of Religion and the Problems of Apologetics”, Temenos, 37/38: 241-261.