THINKING ABOUT RADICALIZATION AFTER SO CALLED ISLAMIC STATE: AN INTRODUCTION

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 63 - 76, 15.06.2018

Tunahan Akdaş

Öz

Radicalization is one of
the most debated concepts of the last decades which covers the process in which
the individual, who feels alone in the society, departs from mainstream point
of view and even adopts violent activities and beliefs. States attach special
importance to coping with radicalization because of the fact that
radicalization is not only a prospective process but also a retro-active one.
In other words, radicalization is, up to a point, preventable, restrainable and
reversible process. The process of radicalization tells us a lot about the
reasons why people join terrorist organizations, and provides an insight into
deradicalization of those who leave such organizations.  

            Terrorist organizations benefited from the environment of
failed states in Iraq and Syria and increased their number of terrorist
fighters into tens of thousands. During this period, a number of foreign
fighters illegally entered Iraq and Syria to join different terrorist
organisations. However, a lot of States face with the problem of returned
foreign terrorist fighters after the defeat of so called Islamic State.  States have to meet the challenge of returnees
as they pose a risk of engaging in new recruitment, planning and carrying out new
terror plots.  Therefore, it is important
for States to adopt counterradicalisation policies for those people who
alienate in societies and have potential to adopt radical beliefs, to disengage
those people who have already adopted such beliefs or participated in conflicts,
and to deradicalize those who are disengaged or leave the terrorist organisations. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radicalization, Counterradicalization, Disengagement, Deradicalization

DAEŞ'İN ARDINDAN RADİKALLEŞMEYİ DÜŞÜNMEK: GİRİŞ

Öz

Toplumda yalnızlaşan bireyin ana akım düşüncelerden
koparak toplumun kabul etmediği düşünceleri kabul etmesi veya daha da ileri
giderek şiddet içerikli eylemleri benimsemesi ile sonuçlanan süreci kapsayan
radikalleşme olgusu, son yıllarda en çok tartışılan kavramlardan biridir.
Devletler, radikalleşme ile mücadele konusunu oldukça önem vermektedir çünkü
radikalleşme sadece ileriye dönük değil aynı zamanda geriye de gidebilen bir
süreçtir. Diğer bir deyişle radikalleşme bir noktaya kadar önlenebilir, engelleneniler
ve geriye döndürülebilir bir süreçtir. Radikalleşme süreçleri bize terör
örgütlerine katılan kişilerin katılım sebepleri ile ilgili ipuçları verirken
örgütten ayrılan kişilerin tekrar ılımlaştırılması için de ışık tutmaktadır.

            Irak ve
Suriye’deki çatışmaların yarattığı başarısız devlet ortamından yararlanan terör
örgütleri, savaşçı sayılarını on binlerce kişiye çıkartmışlardır. Bu dönemde,
çok sayıda yabancı savaşçı değişik terör örgütlerine katılmak için yasa dışı
şekilde Irak ve Suriye’ye giriş yaptılar. Ancak, sözde İslam Devletinin Irak ve
Suriye’deki yenilgisinden sonra birçok ülke savaştan geri dönen savaşçı sorunu
ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Geri dönen kişiler döndükleri ülkeler için
örgütlere yeni üye kazandırma faaliyetlerine girişmeleri, yeni terör
saldırıları organize etmeleri ve uygulamaları açısından oldukça büyük sorun
teşkil etmektedir. Bu anlamda, devletlerin toplumdan soyutlanan ve radikal
düşünceleri benimseme olasılığı bulunan kişiler için radikalleşme karşıtı
politikalar, radikalleşmiş bireylerin şiddet içerikli eylemler ve düşüncelerden
ayrışması ve radikalleşen kişilerin tekrar ılımlaştırılması konularında
politikalar benimsemeleri önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Radikalleşme, Radikalleşme ile Mücadele, Arındırma, Ilımlaştırma

Kaynakça

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