The Dicle River’s response to the Younger Dryas and warm-cold climate cycles in the Holocene

Yıl 2024, , 52 - 70, 15.10.2024

Uğur Doğan

https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1523018

Öz

This study was carried out in the Upper Dicle (Tigris) Basin, particularly in the section between Bismil and Batman of the Dicle Valley. In this study, it is aimed to reveal response to cold climate in the Younger Dryas and cold-warm climate cycles in the Holocene of the Dicle River. For this purpose the data of a total of 14 mounds in the Dicle valley were evaluated. The relationship between has been examined settlement and abandoned periods of the mounds was located on the ~5-7 m terraces of the river and global climate changes. In some mounds, the location of the river bed was determined during and after the settlement period. In addition, the effects (floods, etc.) on the archaeological settlements located 5-7 m above the Tigris River and its tributaries were also determined. Thus, the relationship between the settlement and abandoned periods in the mounds was located on the terraces and the incision/ aggradation periods of the river was revealed. In the light of the obtained data, it was concluded that the Dicle River and its tributaries, incised their beds during the Younger Dryas and the cold periods of the Holocene and, accumulated during the warm periods in the valley floor. Accordingly, it was concluded that settlements could be established on the valley floors during the incision periods of the river.

Dicle Nehri’nin Genç Dryas ve Holosen’deki Sıcak - Soğuk İklim Döngülerine Tepkisi

Öz

Bu çalışma Yukarı Dicle Havzasında, Dicle Nehri vadisinin Bismil ve Batman arasında kalan kesiminde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Dicle Nehri’nin Genç Dryas’daki soğuk ve Holosen’deki soğuk-sıcak iklim döngülerine tepkisinin ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Dicle vadisinde bulunan 14 höyüğe ait arkeolojik veriler incelenmiştir. Nehrin 5-7 m sekisi üzerinde bulunan höyüklerdeki yerleşme ve terkedilme dönemleri ile küresel iklim döngüleri arasındaki ilişki sorgulanmıştır. Bazı höyüklerde yerleşme dönemi sırasında ve sonrasındaki nehir yatağının konumu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Dicle Nehri ve kollarının 5-7 m sekisi üzerinde yer alan arkeolojik yerleşmelere olan (taşkın vb.) etkileri de saptanmıştır. Böylece bu sekiler üzerinde bulunan höyüklerdeki yerleşme ve kesinti dönemleri ile nehrin kazma ve biriktirme dönemleri arasındaki ilişki ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında Dicle Nehri ve kollarının Genç Dryas ve Holosen’deki soğuk iklim döngülerinde yataklarını görece kazdıkları, sıcak iklim döngülerinde ise vadi tabanında biriktirme yaptıkları sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu duruma bağlı olarak da yerleşmelerin nehrin kazma dönemlerinde vadi tabanlarında kurulabildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akarsu tepkisi, Dicle Nehri, Genç Dryas, Holosen, iklim değişikliği

Teşekkür

Tablo 1’de gösterilmiş olan arkeolojik dönemler ve kültürel evreler çizelgesindeki katkıları için Eyyüp AY’a ve makalenin hazırlanması sırasındaki katkıları nedeniyle Halil TEKİN’e teşekkür ederim.

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