Relationship between photosynthesis and fruit quality of ‘Clemenules clementine’ mandarin variety budded on various rootstocks
Abstract
‘Clemenules’ (Nules, Clementina de Nules) has been a very popular variety in fresh mandarin markets especially in the Mediterranean region countries. It is commercially grown on sour orange rootstocks in the calcareous soils of Turkey. However, production of ‘Clemenules’ needs a substituted rootstock in addition to sour orange due to hypersensitive of sour orange to the “Citrus Tristeza Virus”. ‘Clemenules’ mandarin grafted onto ten rootstocks was evaluated in order to determine the influences of rootstocks on fruit yield, quality and photosynthetic variables of the scion as well as their relationship. Rootstocks significantly affected (p<0.05) fruit yield and using Volkameriana significantly increased fruit yield of ‘Clemenules’ (44.71 kg tree-1). Similarly, sour orange and Volkameriana rootstocks positively affected fruit weight and height (p<0.05). Total acids (%) and ripening index varied within rootstocks and FA-517 resulted the highest total acids in fruits juice samples of ‘Clemenules’ whereas the lowest ripening index was determined in fruits grafted on Flhorag1. Leaf chlorophyll concentration (Chl) and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence in the light adapted stage (Fv’/Fm’) of the scion differed based on rootstocks. In addition to fruit yield and characteristics, rootstocks also significantly affected variables related to photosynthesis. Cleopatra mandarin, sour orange and Volkameriana increased the photosynthetic rate (PN), while transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gS) of the scion were higher on Volkameriana rootstocks. FA-5 maintained the highest water use efficiency (WUE) in comparison to other rootstocks evaluated. The present research has clearly shown that rootstocks were able to influence the quality of fruits and the physiological activity. Regarding fruit yield and photosynthetic performance of ‘Clemenules’ mandarin variety, Volkameriana and sour orange performed well. However, considering the calcareous soils of the Mediterranean Region, FA-5 citrandarin proved to be potential rootstock for enhanced photosynthetic rate and WUE.
Keywords
Citrus, fruit characteristics, chlorophyll concentration, net photosynthetic rate
Supporting Institution
Çukurova Üniversitesi
Project Number
FDK-2015-3290
Thanks
This research was supported by the grant from the Çukurova University, Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (FDK-2015-3290).
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