Comparative study on germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars under salt stress regimes

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 439 - 449, 15.12.2020

Ece Iyem Mehmet Yıldırım Ferhat Kızılgeçi

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2020.4.7

Öz

Salinity interferes with germination and hampers the growth of wheat especially at seedling stage which necessitates determining of salt tolerant cultivars. Based upon the current situation a controlled experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Turkey to comparatively evaluate wheat varieties response to imposed salt stress. Germination and seedling growth properties under salt stress were taken as response variables. The seeds of five bread wheat genotypes (‘Wafia’, ‘Lucilla’, ‘Envoy’, ‘Lok1’and ‘RSP- 561’) were placed in Petri dishes with salinity doses (Control (0), 4, 8 and 12 dS.m-1 NaCl) which were applied at germination and subsequent early seedling phases under laboratory conditions. The results revealed that root growth was highly sensitive to salt stress and the varieties of Envoy and Lucilla remained relatively tolerant to salt stress than other cultivars. The biochemical analysis revealed that proline content spiked with increasing salinity level, ‘RSP-561’ under 8 dS.m-1and 12 dS.m-1 recorded the maximum proline content. Salt stress boosted leaf proline content of salt sensitive wheat genotypes (‘Wafia’ and ‘Lok1’), whereas declined proline level was observed for salt tolerant cultivars. In addition, salt-sensitive genotypes showed a reduction in chlorophyll content a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid while, ‘Wafia’ and ‘RSP-561’ recorded the minimum Chlorophylls and Carotenoid contents. Further investigations are needed, however, to enhance understanding of the salt stress effects during the whole growing cycle of wheat.

Anahtar Kelimeler

biochemical analysis, proline content, salt tolerance, wheat seedling, chlorophyll

Kaynakça

• Afzal, M.I., Iqbal, M.A. and Cheema, Z.A. (2015) Triggering growth and boosting economic yield of late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with foliar application of allelopathic water extracts. World J. Agric. Sci., 11,2, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjas.2015.11.2.12650
• Alamgir, A.N.M. and Ali, M.Y. (1999) Effect of salinity on leaf pigments, sugar and protein concentrations and chloroplast ATPase activity of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Bangladesh J. Bot., 28,2, 145-149.
• Almansouri, J. and Lutts, S. (2001) Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). J of Plant soil, 231,2, 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010378409663
• Almodares, A., Hadi, M.R. and Dosti, B. (2007) Effects of salt stress on germination percentage and seedling growth in sweet sorghum cultivars. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7,8, 1492-1495.
• Amin, M., Hamid, A., Islam, M.T. and Karim, M.A. (1996) Root and shoot growth of rice cultivars in response to salinity. Bang. Agron. J., 6, 41-46.
• Ashraf, M.Y., Akhtar, K., Sarwar, G. and Ashraf, M. (2005) Role of rooting system in salt tolerance potential of different guar accessions. Agron. Sustainablea Develop., 25, 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2005019
• Ashraf, M., McNeilly, T. and Bradshaw, A.D. (1986) The response to NaCl and ionic contents of selecte salt tolerant and normal lines of three legume forage species in sand culture, New Phytology, 104,3, 403-471.
• Baalbaki, Z., Zurayk, R.A., Bleik, M.M. and Talhouk, S.N. (1999) Germination and seedling development of drought tolerant and susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Seed Sci Tech., 27,1, 291-302.
• Bajji, M., Lutts, S. and Kinet., J.M. (2000) Physiological changes after exposure to and recovery from polyethylene glycolinduced water deficit in roots and leaves of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars differing in drought resistance. J of Plant Physiol., 157,1, 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(00)80275-8
• Bayuelo-Jiménez, J.S., Craig, R. and Jonathan, P.L. (2002) Salinity tolerance of Phaseolus species during germination and early seedling growth. Crop Science, 42,5,1584-1594.  https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2002.1584 Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil, 39,1, 205-207.
• Bhutto, T.A., Gola, A.Q., Bhutto, M.H., Wahocho, S.A., Buriro, M. and Wahocho, N.A. (2019) Evaluation of wheat varieties to salt stress (NaCl) for seed germination and early seedling growth under laboratory conditions. Pure and Applied Biology (PAB), 8,1, 609-618. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.700223
• Carpici, E.B., Celik, N. and Bayram, G. (2009) Effects of salt stress on germination of some maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8,19, 4918-4922.
• Datta, J.K., Nag, S. Banerjee, A. and Mondal, N.K. (2009) Impact of salt stress on five varieties of wheat (Triticum a estivum L.) cultivars under laboratory condition. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 13, 93–97.
• Essa, T.A. (2002) Effect of salinity stress on growth and nutrient composition of three soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188,2, 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00537.x
• Greenway, H. and Munns, R. (1980) Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annual review of plant physiology, 31,1, 149-190.
• Gulzar, S. and Khan, M.A. (2001) Seed germination of a halophytic grass Aeluropuslogopoides. Annals of Botany, 87, 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1336
• Hasan, A., Hafiz, H.R., Siddiqui, N., Khatun, M., Islam R. and Mamun, A.A. (2015) Evaluation of wheat genotypes for salt tolerance based on some physiological traits. J. Crop Sci. Biotech, 18, 5, 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-015-0064-2
• Hassan, N., Hasan Md. Shaddam, O., Islam, M.S., Barutçular, C. and EL Sabagh, A. (2018) Responses of maize varieties to salt stress in relation to germination and seedling growth. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 69. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILNS.69.1
• Iqbal, N., Ashraf, N.Y., and Ahmed. K. (2006) Nitrate reduction and nutrient accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil salinization with four different salts. J. Plant Nut., 29, 409-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160500524852
• Iqbal, M.A., Hussain, I., Siddiqui, M.H., Ali, E. and Ahmad, Z. (2018) Probing profitability of irrigated and rainfed bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops under foliage applied sorghum and moringa extracts in Pakistan. Cust. e Agron., 14,2, 2-16.
• Karaki, N. (1998) Seed size and water potential effects on water uptake, germination and growth of lentil. J of Agro Crop Sci., 181,4, 237-242.
• Kizilgeci, F., Yildirim, M. and Akinci, C. (2010) Determination of salinity reactions of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. 1. Symposium of UDUSIS, 24-26 May 2010, Diyarbakir, pp 301-307.
• Kizilgeci, F. and Yildirim, M. (2010) Determination of salinity stress resistance of wild wheat at germination stages. Turkey 5th Seed Congress with International Participation and Sectoral Business Forum, October 19-23, 2014 Diyarbakir ,Turkey 529-533. Kizilgeci, F., Mokhtari, N.E.P. and Hossain, A. (2020) Growth and physiological traits of five bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes are influenced by different levels of salinity and drought stress. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 29,9A, 8592-8599.
• Khan, M.J., Bakht, J., Khalil, I.A., Shafi, M. and Ibrar, M. (2008) Response of various wheat genotypes to salinity stress sown under different locations. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 24,1, 28-35.
• Khan, M.A., Shirazi, M.U., Khan, M.A., Mujtaba, S.M., Islam, E., Mumtaz, S., Shereen, A., Ansari, R.U. and Ashraf, M.Y. (2009) Role of proline, K/Na ratio and chlorophyll content in salt tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pak. J. Bot., 41, 633-638.
• Khan, M.H. and Panda, S.K. (2008) Alterations in root lipid peroxidation and antioxidative responses in two rice cultivars under NaCl-salinity stress.  Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30,1, 81. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11738-007-0093-7
• Khatkar, D. and. Kuhad, M.S. (2000) Short term salinity induced changes in two wheat cultivars at different growth stages Biologiaplantatrum,43,4, 629-632. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002868519779
• Khatun, M., Hafiz, M.H., Hasan, M.A., Hakim, M.A. and Siddiqui, M.N. (2013) Responses of Wheat genotypes to salt stress in relation to germination and seedling growth. International J. Bio-resource and Stress Management, 4,4, 635-640.
• Khayatnezhad, M., Roza, G., Shahzad, J.S. and Rogayyeh, Z. (2010) Study of NaCl salinity effect on wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars at germination stage. American-Eurasian J Agri Env Sci., 9,2, 128-32.
• Leishman, M.R. and Westob, M. (1994) The role of seed size in seedling establishment in dry soil conditions experimental evidence from semi-arid species. Inter J of Ecol., 82,2, 249-258.
• Lichtenthaler, H.K. and Welburn, A.R. (1983) Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. 603rd Meeting Held at the University of Liverpool. 11, 591-592.
• Mansour, M.F and Salama, K.H. (1996) Comparative responses to salinity in wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerance and seedling growth and mineral relations. Egyptian J of Phy Sci., 20,1/2, 1-15.
• Netondo G.W., Onyango, J.C. and Beck, E. (2004) Sorghum and salinity, II. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress, Crop Science, 44, 806-811.  https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.8060
• Oral, E., Altuner, F., Tuncturk, R., and Tuncturk, M. (2019) The impact of salt (NaCl) stress on germination characteristics of gibberellic acid pretreated wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) seeds. Applied Ecology And Environmental Research, 17,5, 12057-12071. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1705_1205712071
• Qasim, M., Ashraf, M., Amir Jamil, M., Ashraf, M.Y. and Shafiq-urRehman, E.S.R. (2003) Water relations and leaf gas exchange properties in some elite canola (Brassica napus) lines under salt stress. Ann. Appl. Biol., 142, 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00255.x
• Qu, C., Liu, C., Gong, X., Li, C., Hong, M., Wang, L. and Hong, F. (2012) Impairment of maize seedling photosynthesis caused by a combination of potassium deficiency and salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 75, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2011.08.019
• Rahman, M.S., Miyake, H. and Taheoka, Y. (2001) Effect of sodium chloride salinity on seed germination and early seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 4,3, 351-355.
• Shalhevet, J. (1995) Root and shoot growth responses to salinity in maize and soybean, Agronomy Journal, 87,3, 512-516.
• Shahzad, A., Ahmad, M., Iqbal, M., Ahmed, I. and Ali, G.M. (2012) Evaluation of wheat landrace genotypes for salinity tolerance at vegetative stage by using morphological and molecular markers. Genetics and Molecular Research, 11, 1, 679-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2012.March.19.2
• Seeman, J.R. and Critchley, C. (1985) Effects of salt stress on the growth, ion content, stomatal behaviour and photosynthetic capacity of salt sensitive species (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.). Planta, 164, 151-162.
• Siddiqui, M.H. Iqbal, M.A. Naeem, W., Hussain, I. and Khaliq, A. (2019) Bio-economic viability of rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under integrated fertilization regimes in Pakistan. Cust. Agron., 15, 3, 81-96.
• Wakeel, A., Sumer, S., Hanstein, F.Y. and Schubert, S. (2011) In vitro effect of different Na+/K+ ratios on plasma membrane H+ ATPase activity in maize and sugarbeet shoot. Plants of Phys & Bio, 49, 341-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.006
• Valadyani, A.R., Hassanzadeh, A. and Tajbakhsh, M. (2007) Study on the effects of salt stress in germination and embryo growth stages of the four prolific and new cultivars of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Pajouhesh&Sazandegi, 66, 23- 32.
• Yildirim, M., Kizilgeci, F., Akinci, C. and Albayrak, O. (2015) Response of durum wheat seedlings to salinity. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 43,1, 108-112. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319708
• Zheng, Y., Jia, A. Ning, T., Xu, J., Li, Z. and Jiang, G. (2008) Potassium nitrate application alleviates sodium chloride stress in winter wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. J. Plant Physiol., 165, 1455-1465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.01.001