Genetic analysis of Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) family in Anatolia
Abstract
We tested the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene-based (1065 bp.) phylogeny and genetic diversity of tooth-carp fish (Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 family), many of which are endemic, with a very high species diversity in Anatolia. A total of 107 individuals were studied from 29 stations belonging to 19 Aphaniid species. For the Cytb gene, 44 haplotypes were identified, all of which were species-specific.
The phylogenetic relationships generated by neighbor joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods are fully compatible with each other. The generally well supported phylogenetic tree results and genetic distance results supported a structure divided into four lineages corresponding to four genera (Anatolichthys, Paraphanius, Aphanius, and Kosswigichthys). The genetic distance between these four lineages indicated a significant value ranging from 16.6% to 23.1%. Genetic distance results interspecies indicated high genetic distances ranging from 1.9% to 24.52% (between A. villwocki and P. mentoides), except for two species groups (A. fontinalis – A. sureyanus, 0.13% and A. maeandricus – A. irregularis, 0.57%).
Our results also agree with a previous studies of the Anatolian Aphaniidae family, which showed a diversification pattern shaped by Pliocene orogenic events. The present results indicate that mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences are effective for Aphaniidae species identification and phylogenetic analysis.
Keywords
Kaynakça
- Aksu, I. & Bektas, Y. (2019). Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Gobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 65(2), 128-141.
- Anderson, S., Bankier, A. T., Barrell, B. G., de Bruijn, M. H. L., Coulson, A. R., Drouin, J., Eperon, I. C., Nierlich, D. P., Roe, B. A., Sanger, F., Schreier, P. H., Smith, A. J. H., Staden, R. & Young, I. G. (1981). Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Naturevolume, 290, 457-465.
- Bardakçı, F., Tatar, N. & Hrbek, T. (2004). Genetic relationships between Anatolian species and subspecies of Aphanius Nardo, 1827 (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes) based on RAPD markers. Biologia, 59(5), 559-566.
- Bloom, J.D. (2014). An experimentally determined evolutionary model dramatically improves phylogenetic fit. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31, 1956-1978.
- Coad, B.W. (2000). Distribution of Aphanius species in Iran. Journal of the American Killifish Association, 33, 183-191.
- Esmaeili, H. R., Teimori, A., Zarei, F. & Sayyadzadeh, G. (2020). DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the Old World tooth-carps, family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). Plos One, 15, 1-26. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231717
- Firnberg, E., Labonte, J.W., Gray, J.J. & Ostermeier, M. (2014). A Comprehensive, HighResolution Map of a Gene's Fitness Landscape. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31, 1581-1592.
- Freyhof, J. & Yoğurtçuoğlu, B. (2020). A proposal for a new generic structure of the killifish family Aphaniidae, with the description of Aphaniops teimorii (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). Zootaxa, 4810(3), 421-451. Doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.3.2.
- Freyhof, J. (2014). Aphanius danfordii, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3.
- Geiger, M.F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M.T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, et al. (2014). Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210-1221.