İnek Burunlu Vatoz (Rhinoptera bonasus) Balığının Makroskobik Olarak İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, , 444 - 450, 31.12.2022

Bayram Süzer , Ferhat Yalgın , Izzet Burcin Saticioglu , Merve Taskin , Özkan Yavaş , Muhammed Duman

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1177624

Cited By: 1

Öz

İnek burunlu vatoz, Rhinoptera bonasus, balığı popülasyonu son 43 yıl içerisinde aşırı ve bilinçsiz avcılık nedeniyle %30-49 oranında azalmış ve IUCN Kırmızı Listesi tarafından nesli tükenme tehlikesi altındaki balıklar listesine dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada dorsoventral olarak basık bir vücut şekline sahip inek burunlu vatoz balıklarının eksternal ve internal anatomik incelemelerin yapılabilmesi amacıyla spesifik bir diseksiyon tekniği sunulmuştur. Balıklar, doğal ölüm sonrası bir şehir akvaryumundan laboratuvara taşınmış ve chondrocranium, solungaçlar, perikardiyal boşluk ve pleuroperitoneal boşluğun açılması amacıyla dört ana kesi alanı ile diseke edilmiştir. Balığın dorsal yüzeyi pürüzsüz, yeşilimsi-kahverengi renkli, ventral karın yüzeyi ise beyazdır. Karaciğer pleuroperitoneal boşluğun büyük kısmını doldurmakta ve özefagus, mide, duodenum, valvüler bağırsak, dalak, böbrek ve uterusu örtmektedir. Valvüler bağırsak veya spiral valf, sindirim sisteminin en büyük organlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Çoğu inek burunlu vatozda sadece sol ovaryum gelişmiş ve işlevseldir; bu nedenle balıkların ovaryumları median hattın solunda, pleuroperitoneal boşluğun kraniyal ucuna yakın ve midenin kaudalinde yer alır. Sonuç olarak, sunulan diseksiyon teknikleri, inek burunlu vatozların eksternal ve internal anatomisinin incelenmesine olanak sağlayacak ve iç organlara uygun bir yaklaşıma katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomi, Diseksiyon, Nekropsi, Ray, Rhinopteridae

Macroscopic Examination of Cownose Rays (Rhinoptera bonasus)

Öz

The cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, is currently listed as vulnerable and threatened species by the IUCN Red List due to overfishing and bycatch in worldwide resulted declines of the steep population declines of 30-49% in only 43 years. We aimed to present suitable dissection methods for a necropsy of cownose ray with a large, rhomboid-shaped wing-like pectoral disc and compressed dorsoventrally using a specific approach to observe external and internal anatomy. The fish were obtained from a public aquarium after natural death and were dissected with four incision area to open chondrocranium, gills, pericardial cavity and pleuroperitoneal cavity. The dorsal surface of the body is completely naked and smooth, greenish-brown colored, in contrast the ventral surface of the body is white. The liver fills most of the pleuroperitoneal cavity and covers the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, valvular intestine, spleen, kidney and uterus. The valvular intestine or spiral valve is one of the largest organs of the digestive system. In most rays, only the left ovary is developed and functional; therefore, the ovaries of the specimens are located on the left to the median line, close to the cranial end of the pleuroperitoneal cavity, and caudal to the stomach. In conclusion, the presented dissection techniques will enable to examine of the external and internal anatomy of cownose rays and will contribute to a suitable approach to organs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anatomy, Dissection, Necropsy, Ray, Rhinopteridae

Kaynakça

• Baldassin, P., Gallo, H., & Azevedo, V. G. (2008). Reprodution of the Cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus Mitchill, 1815 (Elasmobranchii, Rhinopteridae), in captivity and newborn care. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68(4), 905-906. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842008000400029
• Carlson, J. Charvet, P., Avalos, C., Blanco-Parra, MP, Briones Bell-lloch, A., Cardenosa, D., Crysler, Z., Derrick, D., Espinoza, E., Morales-Saldaña, J.M., Naranjo-Elizondo, B., Pacoureau, N., Pérez Jiménez, J.C., Schneider, E.V.C., Simpson, N.J. & Dulvy, N.K.2020. Rhinoptera bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T60128A3088381. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T60128A3088381.en Carrier, J. C., Musick, J.A. & Heithaus, M.R. (2004). Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, 1st ed., Boca Raton: CRC Press, 616 pp.
• da Silva, R., Pearce-Kelly, P., Zimmerman, B., Knott, M., Foden, W., & Conde, D. A. (2019). Assessing the conservation potential of fish and corals in aquariums globally. Journal for Nature Conservation, 48, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2018.12.001
• Fisher, R. A. (2010). Life history, trophic ecology, & prey handling by cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, from Chesapeake Bay. Marine Resource Report No. 2010-10, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/m2-kp5y-b863
• Fisher, R. A., Call, G. C. & Grubbs, R. D. (2013). Age, Growth, and Reproductive Biology of Cownose Rays in Chesapeake Bay. Marine and Coastal Fisheries, 5(1), 224-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2013.812587
• Fisher, R. A., Call, G. C. & McDowell, J. R. (2014). Reproductive variations in cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) from Chesapeake Bay. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 97(9), 1031-1038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0297-9
• Gabler-Smith, M. K., Wainwright, D. K., Wong, G. A. & Lauder, G. V. (2021). Dermal Denticle Diversity in Sharks: Novel Patterns on the Interbranchial Skin. Integrative Organismal Biology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obab034
• Gonzalez, M. M. B. (2004). Nascimento da Raia-viola, Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & Henle) (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidae), em cativeiro. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21(4), 785-788. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752004000400010
• Hamlett, W. C., Jezior, M. & Spieler, R. (1999). Ultrastructural analysis of folliculogenesis in the ovary of the yellow spotted stingray, Urolophus jamaicensis. Annals of Anatomy, 181(2), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0940-9602(99)80003-X
• Hamlett, W. C. (1999). Sharks, Skates, and Rays: the Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. Baltimore: JHU Press, 528 pp.
• Hoenig, J. M. & Gruber, S. H. (1990) Life-history patterns in the elasmobranchs: implications for fisheries management. In: HL Pratt, SH Gruber, T Taniuchi (eds) Elasmobranchs as living resources: advances in the biology, ecology, systematics and the status of the fisheries, vol. 90, 1-16p, NOAA Technical Report. U.S. Dept. Comm., Washington D.C., USA.
• Koob, T. J. & Callard, I. P. (1991). Reproduction in Female Elasmobranchs. In Kinne, R. K. H. (Ed), Oogenesis, Permatogenesis, and Reproduction (Comparative Physiology), vol. 10, 222p, Karger, Basel.
• Luer, C. A., Walsh, C. J., Bodine, A. B. & Wyffels, J. T. (2008). Normal embryonic development in the clearnose skate, Raja eglanteria, with experimental observations on artificial insemination. In Ebert, D. A. & Sulikowski, J. A. (Eds), Biology of skates, 133-149p, Springer Science+Business Media B. V., Netherlands.
• Masini, B. D., Dickens, J. F., Tucker, C. J., Cameron, K. L., Svoboda, S. J. & Owens, B. D. (2015). Epidemiology of isolated meniscus tears in young athletes. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 3(7), 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967115S00107
• Murray, R. W. (1960). Electrical sensitivity of the ampullæ of lorenzini. Nature, 187(4741), 957. https://doi.org/10.1038/187957a0
• Murray, R. W. (1962). The response of the ampullae of Lorenzini of elasmobranchs to electrical stimulation. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 39, 119-128. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.39.1.119
• Murray, R. W. (1965). Receptor mechanisms in the ampullae of Lorenzini of elasmobranch fishes. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium of Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, 30, 235-262.
• Musick, J. A. (1999) Life in the slow lane: ecology and conservation of long-lived marine animals. American Fisheries Society Symposium, Bethesda, MD, USA, 23, 1-10.
• Mylniczenko, N. (2018). Stingray Anatomy and Ultrasound: Supplement to Chapter 30 Diagnostic Imaging. June 2017. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323992564 _Stingray_Anatomy_and_Ultrasound_Supplement_to_Chapter_30_Diagnostic_Imaging
• Neer, J. A. & Thompson, B. A. (2005). Life history of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with comments on geographic variability in life history traits. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 73(3), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-005-2136-5
• Reid, G. M., Contreras Macbeath, T. & Csatádi, K. (2013). Global challenges in freshwater-fish conservation related to public aquariums and the aquarium industry. International Zoo Yearbook, 47(1), 6-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/izy.12020
• Romer, A.S. (1970): The Vertebrate Body, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, USA, 624pp.
• Smith, J. W. & Merriner, J. V. (1986). Observations on the reproductive biology of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in Chesapeake Bay. Fishery Bulletin, 4, 871-877.
• Smith, J. W. & Merriner, J. V. (1987). Age and growth, movements and distribution of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in Chesapeake Bay. Estuaries, 10(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.2307/1352180
• Taskin, M., Ajmi, N., Bagci, K., Yurddas, E., Suzer, B., Altun, S. & Duman, M. (2022). The common guitarfish Rhinobatos rhinobatos: A descriptive anatomical study and proposed dissection techniques. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia, 00:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12860.
• Tlusty, M. F., Rhyne, A. L., Kaufman, L., Hutchins, M., Reid, G. M., Andrews, C., Boyle, P., Hemdal, J., Mcgilvray, F. & Dowd, S. (2013). Opportunities for Public Aquariums to Increase the Sustainability of the Aquatic Animal Trade. Zoo Biology, 32(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21019
• Wolfensohn, S., Shotton, J., Bowley, H., Davies, S., Thompson, S. & Justice, W. S. M. (2018). Assessment of welfare in zoo animals: Towards optimum quality of life. Animals, 8(7), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8070110