Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of Earthquake Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover (LU/LC) Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Sentinel-2 Imageries, and Machine Learning: Case Study of Antakya

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4 31 Aralık 2023
PDF İndir
EN TR

Evaluation of Earthquake Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover (LU/LC) Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Sentinel-2 Imageries, and Machine Learning: Case Study of Antakya

Abstract

Natural disasters, especially earthquakes, known to be the most devastating process that threating human life, ecosystems, and land properties including land use and land cover (LULC). Understanding of such changes may help for rehabilitation processes, as well as presentation of baseline to develop management strategies for further steps. Remote sensing technologies have long been used for determination of change directions and magnitudes after earthquakes while development in cloud-based platforms provided users to avoid issues in storage and processing costs, effectively. In present study, it was aimed to determine LULC changes occurred around Antakya city of Hatay after February 06, 2023 and February 20, 2023 earthquakes, which caused serious losses. Moreover changes within 5 km zone from central coordinates were also investigated by considering individual subzones with 1 km width. One of the most widely used machine learning algorithm, random forest (RF), was used classify Sentinel-2 imageries via Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Accuracy assessment procedures were implemented to determine reliabilities of LULC2022 and LULC2023, and accuracies were found over 0.85. Investigation of overall changes have revealed that areas of forest (F) and cultivated fields (CF) were considerably decreased while concrete (C), natural vegetation (N) and water (W) areas have increased. Dispersal of collapse buildings resulted in increase of C class not only at city level, but also within each subzone of 5 km buffer zone. Classification of Sentinel-2 imageries through RF algorithm in GEE provided rapid and reliable results for determining changes in Antakya, whereby periodically monitoring of further changes strongly suggested.

Keywords

Antakya , Earthquake , GEE , LULC , Machine Learning , Sentinel-2

Kaynakça

  1. Amani, M., Ghorbanian, A., Ahmadi, S.A., Kakooei, M., Moghimi, A., Mirmazloumi, S.M., Moghaddam, S.H.A., Mahdavi, S., Ghahremanloo, M., Parsian, S., Wu, Q. & Brisco, B. (2020). Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform for remote sensing big data applications: A comprehensive review. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens., 13, 5326-5350.
  2. An, Q., Feng, G., He, L., Xiong, Z., Lu, H., Wang, X. & Wei, J. (2023). Three-dimensional deformation of the 2023 Turkey Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.7 earthquake sequence obtained by fusing optical and SAR images. Remote Sensing, 15, 2656.
  3. Balamurugan, G. & Aravind, S.M. (2015). Land use land cover changes in pre- and post-earthquake affected area using Geoinformatics-Western Coast of Gujarat, India. Disaster Advances, 8(4), 8313.
  4. Bharatkar, P.S. & Patel, R. (2013). Approach to accuracy assessment tor RS image classification techniques. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 4(12), 79-86.
  5. Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Mach. Learn., 45, 5- 32.
  6. Chen, Y. & Makoto, N. (2021). Analysis of changes in land use/land cover and hydrological processes caused by earthquakes in the Atsuma River Basin in Japan. Remote Sensing, 13, 13041.
  7. Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37-46.
  8. Demirkesen, A.C. (2012). Multi-risk interpretation of natural hazards for settlements of the Hatay province in the east Mediterranean Region,Turkey using SRTM DEM. Environ. Earth Sci., 65, 1895-1907.
  9. Gkougkoustamos, J., Krassakis, P., Kalogeropoulou, G. & Parcharidis, I. (2023). Correlation of ground deformation induced by the 6 February 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 earthquakes in Turkey inferred by Sentinel-2 and critical exposure in Gaziantep and Kahramanmaras cities. GeoHazards, 4, 267-285.
  10. Gokceoglu, C. (2023). 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş - Türkiye earthquakes : A general overview. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLVIII-M-1-2023 39th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE-39) “From Human Needs to SDGs”, 24-28 April 2023, Antalya, Türkiye, 417- 424.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Civelek, N., İnalpulat, M., & Genç, L. (2023). Evaluation of Earthquake Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover (LU/LC) Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Sentinel-2 Imageries, and Machine Learning: Case Study of Antakya. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(4), 642-650. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1349826