Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Kıyılarında Ağ Kafeslerde Yapılan Yetiştiriciliğin Değer Zinciri

Yıl 2024, , 162 - 167, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1370526

Öz

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğindeki değer
zincirlerini anlamak, üretim maliyetlerini belirlemek ve pazarın genel bir analizini yapmaktır. Bu
amacı gerçekleştirmek için dört deniz kafesi lokasyonundan 16 üretici, balık tüccarları ve
sektördeki paydaşlarla görüşmeler yapıldı. Karadeniz'in Türk kıyı sularında deniz kafeslerinde
kafes yetiştiriciliğini büyüklüklerine göre 250 -500 ton/yıl kapasiteli (küçük), 501-999 ton arası
(orta) ve 1000 tondan fazla/yıl (yüksek) kapasiteli olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Değişken
maliyetler arasında yavru balık alımı, yem alımı ve işçilik maliyetleri en önemli harcama
kalemlerini oluşturmaktadır. Sabit giderler arasında en önemli gider amortisman giderleridir. Bir
kg balığın birim maliyeti 2.7-3.0 Avro arasında değişmektedir. Karadeniz'de alabalık
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) ve levrek balığı (Dicentrarchus labrax) üretiminin 3,5 Avro seviyesinde
olduğu dikkate alındığında işletmelerin kar oranı bu seviyeler arasındadır. Son dönemde
Karadeniz'den gelen alabalığın Uzak Doğu ülkelerine (özellikle Japonya'ya) ihraç edilmesi
nedeniyle fiyatı da artış göstermiştir. 2018 yılında levrek ve alabalık ortalama perakende satış
fiyatı (KDV dahil) ve orta satış fiyatı sırasıyla 5,24 ve 5,34 Avro seviyesinde gerçekleşti. Tüm
bu olumlu gelişmelere rağmen iklim değişikliği, hastalıkların ortaya çıkması ve pazarlama
sorunları açısından tehdit oluşturmaya devam ediyor.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut, B., Şahin, T., Aksungur, N. & Aksungur, M. (2002). Effect of initial size on growth rate of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in cages on the Turkish Black Sea Coast. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2, 133- 136.
  • Bağci, U. & Yavan, N. (2022). The competitive strategies of traditional grocery stores (Bakkals): Value chain analysis. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 31(1), 17- 31. DOI: 10.51800/ecd.1014325
  • Baki, B. & Dalgıç, G. (2009). The production and technical properties of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) farms located at Ordu-Persembe. Anadolu J. Agric. Sci., 24(1), 8-12.
  • Boyd, C.E., McNevin, A.A. & Davis, R.P. (2022). The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply. Food Security, 14(3), 805- 827. DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01246-9
  • Dawson, M.R., Alam, M.S., Watanabe, W.O., Carroll, P.M. & Seaton, P.J. (2018). Evaluation of poultry by‐product meal as an alternative to fish meal in the diet of juvenile Black Sea Bass reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 80(1), 74-87. DOI: 10.1002/naaq.10009
  • Eraslan, İ.H., Kuyucu, A.D.H. & Bakan, İ. (2008). Değer zinciri (value chain) yöntemi ile türk tekstil ve hazırgiyim sektörünün değerlendirilmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 307-332.
  • Ertör, I. & Ortega‐Cerdà, M. (2019). The expansion of intensive marine aquaculture in Turkey: The next‐ to‐last commodity frontier? Journal of Agrarian Change, 19(2), 337-360. DOI: 10.1111/joac.12283 FAO (2023). https://www.fao.org/3/cc0461en/online/sofia /2022/world-fisheries-aquaculture-production. html (Access date: 02.09.2023).
  • Fezzardi, D., Massa, F., Àvila, P., Rad, F., Yücel-Gier, F., Deniz, H., Mohamed Hadj Ali Salem, M.H.A., Hamza, H.A. & Salem, S.B. (2013). Indicators for sustainable aquaculture in Mediterranean and Black Sea countries. Guide for the use of indicators to monitor sustainable development of aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN: ISBN 978-92-5-107483-1. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3789.5366
  • Kıral, T., Kasnakoğlu, H., Tatlıdil, F.F., Fidan, H. & and Gündoğmuş, E. (1999). Cost Calculation Methodology and Database Guide for Agricultural Products (in Turkish), TEAE No: 37, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Kobayashi, M., Msangi, S., Batka, M., Vannuccini, S., Dey, M.M. & Anderson, J. (2015). Fish to 2030: The role and opportunity for aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 19(3), 282-300. DOI: 10.1080/13657305.2015.994240
  • Öz, M., Eroldoğan, O.T. & Dikel, S. (2016). The effects of size grading on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in floating cage condition. Aquaculture Studies, 16(3), 235-242. DOI: 10.17693/yunus.16180
  • Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: The Free Press, 33-34pp.
  • TURKSTAT. (2023). Turkish Statistical Institute. Fisheries Statistics (Access date: 02.09.2023). Yıldırım, A. (2014). The structural analysis of marine fish enterprises in Ordu and Trabzon. Master's Thesis, Ordu University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, 91 pp.
  • Yıldırım, Ç. (2023). Measuring network efficiency of the aquaculture value chain in Türkiye. Aquaculture, 576, 739896. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739896
  • Yılmaz, S., Ergün, S., Yiğit, M. & Yılmaz, E. (2022). An extensive review on the use of feed additives against fish diseases and improvement of health status of fish in Turkish aquaculture sector. Aquaculture Studies, 22(3). DOI: 10.4194/AQUAST710
  • Yu, L., Tan, X., Guan, X., Mu, Y., Lam, V. & Sumaila, R. (2023). Value chain of the data-poor Chinese bay scallop aquaculture. Marine Policy, 150, 105556. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105556
  • Yüksel, T. (2022). Türkiye’deki Alabalık Yetiştiriciliğinin Değer Zinciri Analizi (The Value Chain Analysis of Trout Farming in Turkey). Master's Thesis, Marmara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Fisheries, 85 pp.

A Case Study on Economic Analysis of Sea Cage Farms in the Black Sea, Türkiye

Yıl 2024, , 162 - 167, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1370526

Öz

The main aim of this research is to understand the value chains of enterprises engaged
in aquaculture in sea cages in the Black Sea region of Türkiye, to determine production costs and
to make a general analysis of the aquaculture sector. Random sampling method was used to ensure
that farmers were equally represented in the survey. Data for the survey were randomly selected
from 16 separate farms spread throughout 4 different marine cage locations. Furthermore, fish
traders and sector stakeholders were interviewed. The businesses examined within the scope of
the study are divided into 3 groups: small (250 -500 tons/year), medium (501-999 tons/year) and
large (>1000 tons/year), according to their capacities. The most important expense items of
enterprises consist of variable costs. Among the variable costs, the purchase of fry fish, feed
purchase, and labor costs constitute the most important expenditure items. Among the fixed costs,
the most important expense is depreciation costs. The unit cost of one kg of fish varies between
2.7 and 3.0 euros. Considering that the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and seabass (Dicentrarchus
labrax) in the Black Sea are at the level of 3.5 Euro, the profit rate of the enterprises is between
these levels. Recently, since trout from the Black Sea has been exported to the Far East Country
(particularly Japan), its price has also increased. In 2018, the average retail price (including VAT)
and medium selling price of seabass and trout were at a level of 5.24 and 5.34 Euros respectively.
Despite all these positive developments, climate change continues to pose a threat in terms of
disease outbreak and marketing problems.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut, B., Şahin, T., Aksungur, N. & Aksungur, M. (2002). Effect of initial size on growth rate of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in cages on the Turkish Black Sea Coast. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2, 133- 136.
  • Bağci, U. & Yavan, N. (2022). The competitive strategies of traditional grocery stores (Bakkals): Value chain analysis. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 31(1), 17- 31. DOI: 10.51800/ecd.1014325
  • Baki, B. & Dalgıç, G. (2009). The production and technical properties of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) farms located at Ordu-Persembe. Anadolu J. Agric. Sci., 24(1), 8-12.
  • Boyd, C.E., McNevin, A.A. & Davis, R.P. (2022). The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply. Food Security, 14(3), 805- 827. DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01246-9
  • Dawson, M.R., Alam, M.S., Watanabe, W.O., Carroll, P.M. & Seaton, P.J. (2018). Evaluation of poultry by‐product meal as an alternative to fish meal in the diet of juvenile Black Sea Bass reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 80(1), 74-87. DOI: 10.1002/naaq.10009
  • Eraslan, İ.H., Kuyucu, A.D.H. & Bakan, İ. (2008). Değer zinciri (value chain) yöntemi ile türk tekstil ve hazırgiyim sektörünün değerlendirilmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 307-332.
  • Ertör, I. & Ortega‐Cerdà, M. (2019). The expansion of intensive marine aquaculture in Turkey: The next‐ to‐last commodity frontier? Journal of Agrarian Change, 19(2), 337-360. DOI: 10.1111/joac.12283 FAO (2023). https://www.fao.org/3/cc0461en/online/sofia /2022/world-fisheries-aquaculture-production. html (Access date: 02.09.2023).
  • Fezzardi, D., Massa, F., Àvila, P., Rad, F., Yücel-Gier, F., Deniz, H., Mohamed Hadj Ali Salem, M.H.A., Hamza, H.A. & Salem, S.B. (2013). Indicators for sustainable aquaculture in Mediterranean and Black Sea countries. Guide for the use of indicators to monitor sustainable development of aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN: ISBN 978-92-5-107483-1. DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3789.5366
  • Kıral, T., Kasnakoğlu, H., Tatlıdil, F.F., Fidan, H. & and Gündoğmuş, E. (1999). Cost Calculation Methodology and Database Guide for Agricultural Products (in Turkish), TEAE No: 37, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Kobayashi, M., Msangi, S., Batka, M., Vannuccini, S., Dey, M.M. & Anderson, J. (2015). Fish to 2030: The role and opportunity for aquaculture. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 19(3), 282-300. DOI: 10.1080/13657305.2015.994240
  • Öz, M., Eroldoğan, O.T. & Dikel, S. (2016). The effects of size grading on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in floating cage condition. Aquaculture Studies, 16(3), 235-242. DOI: 10.17693/yunus.16180
  • Porter, M.E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: The Free Press, 33-34pp.
  • TURKSTAT. (2023). Turkish Statistical Institute. Fisheries Statistics (Access date: 02.09.2023). Yıldırım, A. (2014). The structural analysis of marine fish enterprises in Ordu and Trabzon. Master's Thesis, Ordu University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, 91 pp.
  • Yıldırım, Ç. (2023). Measuring network efficiency of the aquaculture value chain in Türkiye. Aquaculture, 576, 739896. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739896
  • Yılmaz, S., Ergün, S., Yiğit, M. & Yılmaz, E. (2022). An extensive review on the use of feed additives against fish diseases and improvement of health status of fish in Turkish aquaculture sector. Aquaculture Studies, 22(3). DOI: 10.4194/AQUAST710
  • Yu, L., Tan, X., Guan, X., Mu, Y., Lam, V. & Sumaila, R. (2023). Value chain of the data-poor Chinese bay scallop aquaculture. Marine Policy, 150, 105556. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105556
  • Yüksel, T. (2022). Türkiye’deki Alabalık Yetiştiriciliğinin Değer Zinciri Analizi (The Value Chain Analysis of Trout Farming in Turkey). Master's Thesis, Marmara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Fisheries, 85 pp.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kabuklu Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği, Hayvan Sağlığı Ekonomisi ve İşletmeciliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Büket Buşra Dağtekin 0000-0003-1706-6228

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 14 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 29 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Dağtekin, B. B. (2024). A Case Study on Economic Analysis of Sea Cage Farms in the Black Sea, Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 9(2), 162-167. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1370526


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