Şırnak İli Entomopatojen Nematod Faunasının Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, , 249 - 256, 30.06.2024

Esengül Erdem , Mustafa Rüstemoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1421897

Öz

Kimyasal pestisitlerin olumsuz çevresel etkilerine ilişkin artan endişelerle birlikte, dünya
genelinde tarımsal zararlılarla mücadelede sürdürülebilir mücadele yöntemlerine yönelim artmıştır. Bu
bağlamda, entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN'ler), tarımsal üretimde zararlı böceklere karşı umut vaat
eden biyolojik mücadele ajanları olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Şırnak ili entomopatojen
nematodlarının (EPN) izolasyonu, tanımlanması ve karakterizasyonuna odaklanmaktadır. 2023 yılı
Temmuz ve Eylül ayları arasında toplam 256 toprak örneği toplanmış ve bu örneklerden 11 EPN izolatı
başarıyla elde edilmiştir. Bu da örneklerin % 4.3'ünü temsil etmektedir. Morfolojik incelemeler ve
mitokondriyal COI (COXI) ile 18S rDNA gen bölgelerini içeren moleküler teşhis yöntemleri
kullanılarak bu izolatlar tanımlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda beş adet Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
izolatı ve dört adet Steinernema türüne ait izolat (bir adet Steinernema carpocapsae, bir adet
Steinernema affine, iki adet Steinernema feltiae ve iki adet Steinernema sp.) tespit edilmiştir.
Filogenetik analizler, H. bacteriophora izolatları içinde düşük genetik değişkenlik olduğunu
gösterirken Steinernema türleri arasında ise daha fazla çeşitlilik olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma,
Şırnak ilindeki EPN biyoçeşitliliği hakkında ilk bilgileri sunmakla birlikte sürdürülebilir tarımsal
uygulamalar için yerel izolatların önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu izolatların, bölgenin kendine özgü
tarımsal ve ekolojik koşullarına uygun entegre zararlı yönetimi stratejilerindeki etkinliklerini
belirleyebilmek için farklı böcek türleri üzerindeki etkinliklerini belirleyen çalışmalara ihtiyaç
bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

entomopatojen nematod, şırnak, heterorhabditis, steinernema, 18S rDNA, COXI

Proje Numarası

2022.ÖOP.13.02.01 and 2022.ÖOP.13.02.02

Determination of Entomopathogenic Nematode Fauna in Şırnak, Türkiye

Öz

With increasing concerns over the adverse environmental impacts of chemical pesticides,
there has been a growing interest towards sustainable pest management strategies worldwide. In this
context, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have emerged as promising biological control agents
against insect pests in agricultural production. This study focused on the isolation, identification, and
characterization of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in Şırnak Province, Türkiye. Over the period
from July to September 2023, a comprehensive survey involving the collection of 256 soil samples led
to the successful isolation, of 11 EPN isolates, which accounted for 4.3% of the samples. Morphological
examinations and molecular diagnostics, including mitochondrial COI and 18S rDNA gene regions,
facilitated the precise identification of these isolates. Notably, our findings revealed a diverse
population of EPNs, predominantly Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, comprising five isolates, alongside
four distinct species of Steinernema (one Steinernema carpocapsae, one Steinernema affine, two
Steinernema feltiae and two Steinernema sp.). Phylogenetic analysis, utilizing the mitochondrial
cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) and the 18S rDNA gene regions, indicated low genetic variability
within H. bacteriophora, whereas a higher level of diversity was observed among Steinernema species.
Notably, the presence of diverse EPN species highlights their capacity as effective biocontrol agents
against a range of insect pests. These findings provide valuable insights into the biodiversity of EPNs
in Şırnak Province and underscore the significance of utilizing local isolates for sustainable agricultural
practices. Further research is warranted to elucidate the efficacy of these isolates in integrated pest
management strategies tailored to the region's specific agroecological conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Entomopathogenic nematode, Şırnak, Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, 18S rDNA, COXI

Etik Beyan

The authors have agreed for authorship, read and approved the manuscript, and given consent for submission and subsequent publication of the manuscript.

Destekleyen Kurum

Şırnak University

Proje Numarası

2022.ÖOP.13.02.01 and 2022.ÖOP.13.02.02

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