Correlating Gas/Particle-Phase Concentration of Indicator Polychlorinated Biphenyls with Meteorological Factors in Bayburt, an Important University City of Turkey

Yıl 2024, , 205 - 220, 30.06.2024

Cihan Paloluoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1425886

Öz

This study was carried out in two seasons in Bayburt University Baberti Campus (BUBC) in Bayburt city, which is an important university city in Turkey. Gas and particle phase atmospheric concentrations of Urban atmospheric Indicator Polychlorinated Biphenyls (i-PCBs: PCB#28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were determined at first. Then, by using different methods, the interactions between i-PCB concentrations and meteorological factors were investigated. Gas and particle phases of atmospheric i-PCB samples were collected using a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) in BUBC . Following this stage, the samples were analyzed in a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) by passing through appropriate extraction steps. According to the data obtained, the average gas phase ∑i-PCB concentration for the summer month was determined to be 11.314 pg/m3 during the sampling period while the average particle phase ∑i-PCB concentration was found to be 2.145 pg/m3. The average gas phase ∑i-PCB concentration was found to be 4.582 pg/m3 for the winter period while it was found to be 1.756 pg/m3 for the average particle phase ∑i-PCB concentration. In addition, the average total concentrations of i-PCBs were calculated to be 19.797 pg/m3. It was determined that meteorological factors especially temperature (from the Clausius–Clapeyron equation), wind velocity and direction, and rainfall have significant impacts on i-PCB concentration and its distribution. In light of these data, i-PCB concentrations determined in the gas phase were found to be higher than those in the particle phase. In addition, concentration rates determined in summer months were calculated to be higher compared to those calculated for winter months.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Active Atmospheric Sampling, Extraction, GC-MS, i-PCBs, Organic Pollutants, Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval Not applicable. This research did not involve the use of any animal or human data or tissue. All mentioned articles comply with ethical approval.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bayburt University and Bayburt University Central Research Laboratory (BUMER) working environment material and equipment support. Active Sampling devices provided by TÜBİTAK in 2008 from the 1001 project no. 107Y021.

Proje Numarası

107Y021

Teşekkür

First of all, I would like to thank Prof. for the valuable advice he gave during my study. Dr. I would like to thank Hanefi Bayraktar. I would also like to thank TUBITAK, Bayburt University Rectorate and Bayburt University Central Research Laboratories Directorate (BÜMER) for their support.

Türkiye’nin Önemli Üniversite Kenti Bayburtda İndikatör Poliklorlu Bifeniller’in Gaz/Partikül Faz Konsantrasyonlarının Meteorolojik Faktörler ile İlişkilendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin önemli Üniversite Kenti olan Bayburt Üniversitesi Baberti Kampüsünde (BÜBK) mevsimsel olarak yapılmıştır. Önce kentsel atmosferik İndikatör Poliklorlu Bifeniller’in (i-PCBs: PCB#28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) hem gaz hem de partikül faz atmosferik konsantrasyonları tesbit edilmiştir. Ardından da i-PCB konsantrasyonlarının meteorolojik faktörler ile olan etkileşimleri farklı yöntemler ile araştırılmıştır. BÜBK’de yüksek hacimli hava örnekleleyicisi (YHHÖ) kullanılarak atmosferik i-PCB örneklerinin gaz ve partikül fazları toplanmıştır. Daha sonra uygun ekstraksiyon adımlarından geçirilerek, gaz kromotografi-kütle spektrofotometre’de (GC-MS’de) analizlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre örnekleme periyodu boyunca yaz ayı için ortalama gaz fazı ∑i-PCB konsantrasyonu 11,314 pg/m3 olarak belirlenirken, ortalama partikül faz ∑i-PCB konsantrasyonu ise 2,145 pg/m3 olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan kış ayı için de ortalama gaz fazı ∑i-PCB konsantrasyonu 4,582 pg/m3 olarak belirlenirken, ortalama partikül faz ∑i-PCB konsantrasyonu ise 1,756 pg/m3 olarak tesbit edilmiştir. Ayrıca i-PCB’lerin ortalama toplam konsantrasyonları (yaz+kış; gaz+partikül faz) 19,797 pg/m3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. i-PCB konsantrasyon ve dağılımlarına özellikle sıcaklık (Clausius-Clapeyron eşitliğinden) başta olmak üzere, rüzgar hızı/yönü ve yağışlar gibi meteorolojik faktörlerin önemli ölçüde etkilediği tesbit edilmiştir. Bu veriler ışığında, tesbit edilen i-PCB türlerine ait i-PCB konsantrasyonları gaz fazındaki değerler, partikül fazından daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yaz aylarında bulunan konsantrasyon değerleri kış aylarına göre daha fazla hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aktif Atmosferik Örnekleme, Ekstraksiyon, GC-MS, i-PCB’ler, Organik Kirleticiler, Poliklorlu Bifeniller.

Etik Beyan

Etik onayı Geçerli değil. Bu araştırma herhangi bir hayvan veya insan verisi veya dokusunun kullanımını içermemektedir. Adı geçen makalelerin tümü etik onaya uygundur.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bayburt Üniversitesi ve Bayburt Üniversitesi Merkezi Araştırma Laboratuarı (BUMER) çalışma ortam malzeme ve ekipman desteği. TÜBİTAK 2008 yılında 107Y021 nolu 1001 projeden sağlamış olduğu Aktif Örnekleme cihazıları.

Proje Numarası

107Y021

Teşekkür

Öncelikle çalışmam sırasında verdiği değerli tavsiyelerden dolayı Prof. Dr. Hanefi Bayraktar'a teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Ayrıca TÜBİTAK'a, Bayburt Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü'ne ve Bayburt Üniversitesi Merkezi Araştırma Laboratuvarları Müdürlüğü'ne (BÜMER) verdikleri destekten dolayı teşekkür ediyorum.

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