Anatomy of the Tail Muscles of the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Yıl 2024,
, 152 - 156, 30.06.2024
Beste Demirci
,
Murat Erdem Gültiken
Öz
In our study, it was aimed to determine the anatomy of the tail muscles of the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), which has a production station in the Black Sea region of our country (Türkiye) and is released to nature in specific periods. For this purpose, 20 adult pheasants were used in the study. Pheasants were sacrificed under anesthesia and perfused with 10% formolin. Macroscopic data were obtained by subgross dissection under stereo-microscope. At the end of the study, origo and insertio points of musculus (m.) caudofemoralis, m. bulbi retricium, m. lavator caudae, m. depressor caudae, m. lateralis caudae, m. pubocaudalis externus and m. pubocaudalis internus were determined and identified. As a result, it was observed that m. caudofemoralis, one of the important retractor muscles of the leg, was not developed as much as in reptiles. Neither the balance nor maneuver functions of the tail were interpreted.
Proje Numarası
Bu çalışma, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi tarafından PYO.VET.1904.11.007 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Andrada, E., Haase, D., Sutedja, Y., Nyakatura, J.A.,
M. Kilbourne, B., Denzler, J. & Blickhan, R.
(2015). Mixed gaits in small avian terrestrial
locomotion. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 13636. DOI:
10.1038/srep13636.
- Bagliacca, M., Falcini, F., Porrini, S. & Zalli, F. (2008).
Pheasants (Phasinus colchicus) hens of different
origin. Dispersion and habitat use after release.
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 7, 321-333.
Bock, W.J. (1999). Functional and evolutionary
morphology of woodpeckers. Ostrich, 70(1), 23-
31.
- Daszkiewicz, T. & Janiszewski, P. (2020). The effect of
sex on the quality of meat from farmed pheasants
(Phasianus colchicus). Animal Science Journal,
91, e13404.
- Dickinson, E., Young, M.W., DeLeon, D., Bas, B., Zou,
B., Ratkiewicz, A. & Granatosky, M.C. (2023).
Tail feather strength in tail-assisted climbing birds
is achieved through geometric, not material
change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 290,
20222325. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2325.
- Gatesy S.G. & Dial K.P (1993). Tail muscle activity
patterns in walking and flying pigeons (Columba
Livia). Journal of Experimental Biology, 176, 55-
76.
- Gianechini, F.A., Colli, L. & Makovicky, P.J. (2024).
Pelvic and hindlimb muscular reconstruction of
the paravian theropod Buitreraptor gonzalezorum
and its palaeobiological implications. Historical
Biology, 1-27. DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2301674
- Kherwar, P. K., Adhikari, B. & Adhikari, D. (2024).
Biomechanics of Cheetah with Applications in
Robotics and Athletics. Journal of
Multidisciplinary Science: Mikailalsys, 2(1), 13-
24.
- Kondoh, D., Ono, R., Yanagawa, M., & Goto, T. (2022).
Morphological variations of caudal skeleton
between three chicken breeds. Journal of
Veterinary Medical Science, 84(9), 1225-1229.
- Moreno, E. & Møller, A.P. (1996). Morphological
aspects of avian tail movements: a functional
approach in hirundines. The Auk, 113(3), 647-654.
Norberg, R.Å. (1981). Why foraging birds in trees should
climb and hop upwards rather than downwards.
Ibis, 123(3), 281-288.
- Norberg, U.M. (1979). Morphology of the wings, legs and
tail of three coniferous forest tits, the goldcrest,
and the treecreeper in relation to locomotor
pattern and feeding station selection.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London. B, Biological Sciences, 287(1019),
131-165.
- Persons, W.S. & Currie P. (2011). The tail of
Tyrannosaurus: Reassessing the Size and
Locomotive Importance of the M.caudofemoralis
in Non-Avian Theropods. The Anatomical
Record, 294, 119-131.
- Prange, H.D., & Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1970). The
metabolic cost of swimming in ducks. Journal of
Experimental Biology, 53(3), 763-777.
- Reader, L.L., Carrier, D.R., Goller, F., Isaacs, M.R.,
Moore Crisp, A., Barnes, C.J., & Lee, D.V.
(2022). Climbing parrots achieve pitch stability
using forces and free moments produced by axialappendicular couples. Journal of Experimental
Biology, 225(1), jeb242305.
- Tobalske, B.W. (2007). Biomechanics of bird flight.
Journal of Experimental Biology, 210, 3135-
3146.
- Wang, X., Pittman, M., Zheng, X., Kaye T.G., Falk
A.R., Hartman S.A. & Xu X. (2017). Basal
paravian functional anatomy illuminated by highdetail body outline. Nature Communications, 8,
14576. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14576.
- Wilhite, R. (2023). A detailed anatomical study of m.
caudofemoralis Longus in Alligator
mississippiensis. Ruling Reptiles: Crocodylian
Biology and Archosaur Paleobiology. Indiana
University press, USA.
- Zhou, W., Kimball, R.T., Liu, Y. & Robinson, S.K.
(2023). Functions of avian elongated tails, with
suggestions for future studies. Ibis. 165, 1091-
1106.
Adi Sülün (Phasianus colchicus)’ün Kuyruk Kasları Anatomisi
Yıl 2024,
, 152 - 156, 30.06.2024
Beste Demirci
,
Murat Erdem Gültiken
Öz
Çalışmamızda ülkemizde (Türkiye) Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde üretim istasyonu bulunan ve belirli dönemlerde doğaya salınan Adi sülün (Phasianus colchicus) kuyruk kaslarının anatomilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmada 20 adet yetişkin sülün kullanıldı. Sülünler anestezi altında sakrifiye edildikten sonra %10 formolin ile perfuze edildi. Makroskobik veriler, subgros diseksiyon ile stereo-mikroskop altında yapıldı. Çalışma sonunda kuyruk kaslarından musculus (m.) caudofemoralis, m. bulbi retricium, m. lavator caudae, m. depressor caudae,m. lateralis caudae, m. pubocaudalis externus ve m. pubocaudalis internus’un origo ve insertio noktaları belirlenerek tanımlamaları yapıldı. Sonuç olarak, bacağın önemli retraktör kaslarından olan m. caudofemoralis’in sürüngenlerde olduğu kadar gelişmediği gözlenmiştir. Kuyruğun denge ne manevra fonksiyonları yorumlanmıştır.
Etik Beyan
Çalışma prosedürü Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu (HADYEK/2011-38) tarafından onaylandı.
Proje Numarası
Bu çalışma, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi tarafından PYO.VET.1904.11.007 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi tarafından PYO.VET.1904.11.007 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca sülünlerin temininde desteklerini esirgemeyen Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı 11. Bölge Müdürlüğü Samsun Şubesi müdürü Murat DEMİR’e ve Gelemen Sülün Üretim İstasyonu üretim sorumlusu biyolog Abdullah SEVİNÇ’e teşekkürler.
Kaynakça
- Andrada, E., Haase, D., Sutedja, Y., Nyakatura, J.A.,
M. Kilbourne, B., Denzler, J. & Blickhan, R.
(2015). Mixed gaits in small avian terrestrial
locomotion. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 13636. DOI:
10.1038/srep13636.
- Bagliacca, M., Falcini, F., Porrini, S. & Zalli, F. (2008).
Pheasants (Phasinus colchicus) hens of different
origin. Dispersion and habitat use after release.
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 7, 321-333.
Bock, W.J. (1999). Functional and evolutionary
morphology of woodpeckers. Ostrich, 70(1), 23-
31.
- Daszkiewicz, T. & Janiszewski, P. (2020). The effect of
sex on the quality of meat from farmed pheasants
(Phasianus colchicus). Animal Science Journal,
91, e13404.
- Dickinson, E., Young, M.W., DeLeon, D., Bas, B., Zou,
B., Ratkiewicz, A. & Granatosky, M.C. (2023).
Tail feather strength in tail-assisted climbing birds
is achieved through geometric, not material
change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 290,
20222325. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2325.
- Gatesy S.G. & Dial K.P (1993). Tail muscle activity
patterns in walking and flying pigeons (Columba
Livia). Journal of Experimental Biology, 176, 55-
76.
- Gianechini, F.A., Colli, L. & Makovicky, P.J. (2024).
Pelvic and hindlimb muscular reconstruction of
the paravian theropod Buitreraptor gonzalezorum
and its palaeobiological implications. Historical
Biology, 1-27. DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2023.2301674
- Kherwar, P. K., Adhikari, B. & Adhikari, D. (2024).
Biomechanics of Cheetah with Applications in
Robotics and Athletics. Journal of
Multidisciplinary Science: Mikailalsys, 2(1), 13-
24.
- Kondoh, D., Ono, R., Yanagawa, M., & Goto, T. (2022).
Morphological variations of caudal skeleton
between three chicken breeds. Journal of
Veterinary Medical Science, 84(9), 1225-1229.
- Moreno, E. & Møller, A.P. (1996). Morphological
aspects of avian tail movements: a functional
approach in hirundines. The Auk, 113(3), 647-654.
Norberg, R.Å. (1981). Why foraging birds in trees should
climb and hop upwards rather than downwards.
Ibis, 123(3), 281-288.
- Norberg, U.M. (1979). Morphology of the wings, legs and
tail of three coniferous forest tits, the goldcrest,
and the treecreeper in relation to locomotor
pattern and feeding station selection.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
of London. B, Biological Sciences, 287(1019),
131-165.
- Persons, W.S. & Currie P. (2011). The tail of
Tyrannosaurus: Reassessing the Size and
Locomotive Importance of the M.caudofemoralis
in Non-Avian Theropods. The Anatomical
Record, 294, 119-131.
- Prange, H.D., & Schmidt-Nielsen, K. (1970). The
metabolic cost of swimming in ducks. Journal of
Experimental Biology, 53(3), 763-777.
- Reader, L.L., Carrier, D.R., Goller, F., Isaacs, M.R.,
Moore Crisp, A., Barnes, C.J., & Lee, D.V.
(2022). Climbing parrots achieve pitch stability
using forces and free moments produced by axialappendicular couples. Journal of Experimental
Biology, 225(1), jeb242305.
- Tobalske, B.W. (2007). Biomechanics of bird flight.
Journal of Experimental Biology, 210, 3135-
3146.
- Wang, X., Pittman, M., Zheng, X., Kaye T.G., Falk
A.R., Hartman S.A. & Xu X. (2017). Basal
paravian functional anatomy illuminated by highdetail body outline. Nature Communications, 8,
14576. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14576.
- Wilhite, R. (2023). A detailed anatomical study of m.
caudofemoralis Longus in Alligator
mississippiensis. Ruling Reptiles: Crocodylian
Biology and Archosaur Paleobiology. Indiana
University press, USA.
- Zhou, W., Kimball, R.T., Liu, Y. & Robinson, S.K.
(2023). Functions of avian elongated tails, with
suggestions for future studies. Ibis. 165, 1091-
1106.