Türkiye Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinden Toplanan Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotiplerinin Meyve Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi Meyve Veriminin Karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2024, , 485 - 492, 30.09.2024

Arzu Karataş , Damla Turan Büyükdinç

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1501233

Öz

Anavatanı Orta Amerika, özellikle Meksika olan Capsicum annuum, Türkçe’de "biber" olarak bilinen olgunlaşmamış yeşil veya olgun kırmızı meyveleri nedeniyle Türkiye genelinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, hem niceliksel hem de niteliksel özellikleri kapsayan morfolojik çeşitliliğin kapsamlı bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Rize’nin Pazar ilçesi ve köylerinden 2014 yılında toplanmış, renk, şekil ve büyüklük bakımından farklılık gösteren 48 farklı C. annuum genotipi +4°C'de depolanmıştır. Bu C. annuum tohumlarının ekimi Mayıs 2015 tarihinde sera koşullarında 2:1 oranında torf ve perlit karışımıyla doldurulmuş viyollere ekilmiştir. Fideler 4-5 yapraklı aşamaya ulaştığında Haziran 2015 tarihinde açık alanda deneme parsellerine aktarılmıştır. Morfolojik özelliklere ilişkin elde edilen veriler varyans analizi (ANOVA), temel bileşen analizi ve hiyerarşik kümeleme analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. İlk altı temel bileşen ekseni, 48 genotip arasındaki varyansın %79'unu oluşturmuştur. Hiyerarşik kümeleme dört ana kümeyi ortaya çıkarırken ANOVA ile C. annuum'un 48 farklı genotipinin çeşitli morfolojik özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, incelenen C. annuum genotipleri içindeki önemli morfolojik değişkenliği ortaya çıkarmış ve dolayısıyla ıslahçılar için değerli bilgiler sağlayarak, gelecekte biber yetiştirme programlarına entegrasyon için istenen özelliklere sahip popülasyonların tanımlanmasına olanak sağlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genetik varyasyon, Kümeleme analizi, Morfolojik karakterizasyon

Evaluation of the Fruit Characteristics of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes Collected from the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye rom the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye

Öz

Capsicum annuum, native to Central America, specifically Mexico, is widely cultivated throughout Türkiye for its unripe green or ripe red fruits, known as "biber" in Turkish. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of morphological diversity, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative traits, was conducted. A total of 48 different genotypes of C. annuum, varying in colour shape, and size, were collected from the Pazar district and villages in Rize in 2014 and stored at +4°C. Planting of these C. annuum seeds occurred in May 2015 in trays filled with a mixture of peat and perlite at a 2:1 ratio under greenhouse conditions. When the seedlings reached the stage of having 4-5 leaves, they were transplanted into the field in June 2015. The data obtained on morphological characteristics were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis, and hierarchical clustering analyses. The first six principal component axes accounted for 79% of the variance among the 48 genotypes. Hierarchical clustering revealed four main clusters, whereas ANOVA revealed significant differences in various morphological characteristics of 48 different genotypes of C. annuum. This study revealed substantial morphological variability within the C. annuum genotypes examined and hence provides valuable insights for geneticists and breeders, enabling the identification of populations with desirable characteristics for future integration into pepper breeding programmes

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cluster analysis, Genetic variation, Morphological characterisation

Kaynakça

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