Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea

Zeynep Dengiz Balta; Fikri Balta; Salih Kumru

doi:10.35229/jaes.1807752

EN TR

Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea

Öz

In this study, the identification of Vibrio isolates isolated from vibriosis infection of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in the Black Sea was carried out using conventional biochemical tests and PCR methods. Kidneys and spleens of moribund fish showing typical disease symptoms were inoculated onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) containing 1.5% salt and incubated at 20±2°C. Isolated colonies were purified by inoculation onto thiosulphate citrate bile salts sucrose agar (TCBS). The bacterial strains were found to be motile, Gr(-), catalase, and oxidase positive, sensitive to the O/129 test (150 µg), and fermentative in OF medium. According to PCR test results, all of isolated bacteria from sea bass were identified 19 isolates as V. anguillarum, 1 isolate as V. fluvialis, 7 isolates as V. harveyi, 19 isolates as V. parahemolyticus, and 1 isolate as V. vulnificus. All of bacteria isolated from rainbow trout were identified as two isolates V. alginolyticus and 29 isolates as V. anguillarum. In addition, according to the slide agglutination test results performed with Vibrio anguillarum O1 serotype, most of the isolates were determined to be Vibrio anguillarum. According to antimicrobial test results, florfenicol and enrofloxacin were identified as the most effective chemotherapeutic agents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rainbow trout, black sea, treatment, vibrio infection

Destekleyen Kurum

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi BAP birimi

Karadeniz'de Yetiştirilen Levrek ve Gökkuşağı Alabalığında Vibrio Enfeksiyonlarının Tanımlanması

Öz

Çalışmada, Karadeniz’de kültürü yapılan levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) ve gökkuşağı alabalıkların (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’da görülen vibriozis enfeksiyonundan izole edilen vibrio izolatlarının identifikasyonu geleneksel biyokimyasal testler ve PZR metodu kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tipik hastalık semptomları gösteren ölmek üzere olan balıkların böbrek ve dalaklarından %1.5 tuz içeren triptik soy agara (TSA) ekilerek 20±2°C de inkube edilmiştir. İzole edilen koloniler thiosulphate citrate bile salts sucrose agara (TCBS) ekilerek saflaştırılmıştır. Bakteri izolatlarında yapılan test sonuçlarına göre; hareketin pozitif olduğu, Gr(-), katalaz ve oksidaz testlerinin pozitif ve O/129 (150µg) testine duyarlı olduğu ve OF mediumda üremenin fermantatif olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Biyokimyasal ve aglütinasyon test sonuçlarına göre çoğu izolatların Vibrio anguillarum olduğu tespit edilmiştir. PZR test sonuçlarına göre levrek balıklarından 19 izolatın V. anguillarum, 1 izolatın V. fluvialis, 7 izolatın V. harveyi, 19 izolatın V. parahemolyticus ve 1 izolatın V. vulnificus, gökkuşağı alabalıklardan 2 izolatın V. alginolyticus ve 29 izolatın V. anguillarum olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan antimikrobiyel test sonuçlarına göre florfenikol ve enrofloksasin en etkili kemoterapotik olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gökkuşağı alabalığı, karadeniz, levrek, tedavi, vibrio enfeksiyonu

Kaynakça

Amalina, N.Z., Santha, S., Zulperi, D., Amal, M.N.A., Yusof, M.T., Zamri-Saad M., & Ina-Salwany, M.Y. (2019). Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiling of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured groupers in Peninsular Malaysia. BMC Microbiol. 19(1), 251. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1624-2
Arisoy, H., Bayramoglu, Z., Agızan, K., & Agızan, S. (2021). Global growth trend in fisheries and current situation in Turkey. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38, 499-505.
Aydin, I., Ozturk, R.C., Eroldogan, O.T., Arslan, M., Terzi, Y., Yılmaz, S., Diken, G., Yildirim, O., Bodur, T., Gultepe, N., Erdem, O.A., Evliyaoglu, E., Durrani, O., Gülen, S., Batır, E., Altinok, I., & Sevgili, H. (2025). An in‐depth analysis of the finfish aquaculture in Türkiye: Current status, challenges, and future prospects. Reviews in Aquaculture, 17. e70010 DOI: 10.1111/raq.70010
Baker-Austin, C., Oliver, J.D., Alam, M., Ali, A., Waldor, M.K., Qadri, F., & Martinez-Urtaza, J. (2018). Vibrio spp. infections. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 4, 1-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0005- 8
Balta, F. (2016). Phenotypic, serotypic and genetic characterization and antimıcrobial susceptibility determination of Vibrio anguillarum, isolated from cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) in the southeast Black Sea, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(10), 4393- 4400.
Balta, F., & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2016). Deniz suyuna nakledilen gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavrularında görülen vibrio enfeksiyonu ve tedavisi. Anadolu Çevre ve Hayvancılık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 14-20. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.272222
Balta, F., & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2017). Doğu Karadeniz’de yetiştiriciliği yapılan gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ndan izole edilen Vibrio anguillarum suşlarının serotiplendirilmesi, genetik karakterizasyonu ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılığının belirlenmesi. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 64, 321-328. DOI: 10.1501/Vetfak_0000002816
Balta, F., & Yılmaz, H. (2019). Infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in culture sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 4(2), 104-110. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.544439
CLSI. (2014). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, USA, M100-S24, 230s.
Can, M.F., & Mazlum, Y. (2025). Global warming and sustainable aquaculture in Türkiye: the case of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquacult International, 33, 249 DOI: 10.1007/s10499-025-01926-9

Cao, J., Zhang, J., Ma, L., Li, L., Zhang, W., & Li, J. (2018). Identification of fish source Vibrio alginolyticus and evaluation of its bacterial ghosts vaccine immune effects. Microbiologyopen, 7(3), e00576. DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.576
Carmona-Salido, H., Fouz, B., Sanjuan, E., Carda, M., Delannoy, C.M.J., Garcia-Gonzalez, N., Gonzalez-Candelas, F., & Amaro, C. (2021). The widespread presence of a family of fish virulence plasmids in Vibrio vulnificus stresses its relevance as a zoonotic pathogen linked to fish farms. Emerg Microbes Infect, 10(1), 2128-40. DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1999177
Cascarano, M.C., Stavrakidis-Zachou, O., Mladineo, I., Thompson, K.D., Papandroulakis, N., & Katharios, P. (2021). Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species. Pathogens, 10(9), 1205. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091205
Cawthorn, R.J. (2011). Diseases of American lobsters (Homarus americanus): A review. J. Invertebr Pathol., 106(1), 71-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.09.010
Coerdt, K.M., & Khachemoune, A. (2021). Vibrio vulnificus: Review of Mild to Life-threatening Skin Infections. Cutis, 107, E12-E17. DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0183
Dashti, A.A., Jadaon, M.M., Abdulsamad, A.M., and Dashti, H.M. (2009). Heat treat-ment of bacteria: A simple method of DNA extraction for molecular techniques. Kuwait Medical Journal, 41, 117-122.
Dolgun, O., Kirkan, S., & Yuksel Dolgun, H.T. (2024). Molecular typing of vibrio species isolated from seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and detection of antibiotic resistance. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 13(2), 9-20. DOI: 10.53913/aduveterinary.1528574
Duman, M., Altun, S., Saticioglu, I.B., & Romalde, J.L. (2025). A review of bacterial disease outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reported from 2010 to 2022. J Fish Dis, 48(9), e13886. DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13886
FAO. (2022). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. In, 266. Roma, Italy: FAO.
FAO. (2025). Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles. Türkiye, 2019. Country Profile Fact Sheets. In: Fisheries and Aquaculture. In. https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/facp/tur?lang=en
Frans, I., Michiels, C.W., Bossier, P., Willems, K.A., Lievens, B., & Rediers, H. (2011). Vibrio anguillarum as a fish pathogen: virulence factors, diagnosis and prevention. J. Fish Dis., 34(9), 643- 661. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01279.x
Ina-Salwany, M.Y., Al-Saari, N., Mohamad, A., Mursidi, F.A., Mohd-Aris, A., Amal, M.N.A., Kasai, H., Mino, S., Sawabe, T., & Zamri-Saad, M. (2019). Vibriosis in Fish: A Review on Disease Development and Prevention. J. Aquat. Anim. Health., 31(1), 3-22. DOI: 10.1002/aah.10045
Ismail, E.T., El-Son, M.A.M., El-Gohary, F.A., & Zahran, E. (2024). Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio spp. infected gilthead sea breams from coastal farms at Damietta, Egypt. BMC Vet. Res., 20, 129. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03978-0
Kayis, S. (2019). Analysis of fish health status in terms of sustainability of aquaculture in Turkey-a SWOT analysis. Aquaculture Studies, 19(1), 69-76. DOI: 10.4194/2618-6381-v19_1_07
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547- 1549, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy096
Kurpe, S.R., Sukhovskaya, I.V., Borvinskaya, E.V., Morozov, A.A., Parshukov, A.N., Malysheva, I.E., Vasileva, A.V., Chechkova, N.A., & Kuchko, T.Y. (2022). Physiological and biochemical characteristics of rainbow trout with severe, moderate and asymptomatic course of Vibrio anguillarum infection. Animals, 12(19), 2642. DOI: 10.3390/ani12192642
Lee, L.-H., Ab Mutalib, N.-S., Law, J.W.-F., Wong, S.H., & Letchumanan, V. (2018) Discovery on antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Selangor reveals carbapenemase producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in marine and freshwater fish. Front. Microbiol., 9, 2513. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02513
Letchumanan, V., Ab Mutalib, N.-S., Wong, S. H., Chan, K.-G., & Lee, L.-H. (2019). Determination of antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp and shellfish in Selangor, Malaysia. Progress In Microbes & Molecular Biology, 2(1). a0000019. DOI: 10.36877/pmmb.a0000019
Liu, C.H., Cheng, W., Hsu, J.P., & Chen J.C. (2004). Vibrio alginolyticus infection in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 16S rDNA sequencing. Dis Aquat Organ. 61(1-2), 169-74. DOI: 10.3354/dao061169
Luna-Gonzalez, A., Maeda-Martinez, A.N., Sainz, J.C., & Ascencio-Valle, F. (2002). Comparative susceptibility of veliger larvae of four bivalve mollusks to a Vibrio alginolyticus strain. Dis Aquat Organ., 49(3), 221-226. DOI: 10.3354/dao049221
Manchanayake, T., Salleh, A., Amal, M.N.A., Md Yasin, I.S., & Zamri-Saad, M. (2023). Pathology and pathogenesis of Vibrio infection in fish: A review. Aquaculture Reports, 28, 101459. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101459
Mishra, A., Kim, H.S., Kumar, R., & Srivastava, V. (2024). Advances in Vibrio-related infection management: an integrated technology approach for aquaculture and human health. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 44, 1610-1637. DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2336526
Mohammed, E.A.H., Kovacs, B., Kuunya, R., Mustafa, E.O.A., Abbo, A.S.H., & Pal, K. (2025). Antibiotic resistance in aquaculture: Challenges, trends analysis, and alternative approaches. Antibiotics (Basel), 14(6), 598. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14060598
Mohamad, N., Amal, M.N.A., Saad, M.Z. et al. (2019).Virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio spp. isolated from cultured marine fishes in Malaysia. BMC Vet. Res., 15, 176. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1907-8
Naylor, R.L., Hardy, R.W., Buschmann, A.H., Bush, S.R.., Cao, L., Klinger, D.H., Little, D.C., Lubchenco, J., Shumway, S.E., & Troell, M. (2021). A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture. Nature, 591, 551-63. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03308-6
Onohuean, H., Agwu, E., & Nwodo, U.U. (2022). A global perspective of Vibrio species and associated diseases: Three-decade meta-synthesis of research advancement. Environ Health Insights, 16. DOI: 10.1177/11786302221099406
Ozturk, R.C., & Altinok, I. (2014). Bacterial and viral fish diseases in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14, 275-97. DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v14_1_30
Palazzolo, S., Gervasi, C., Abbate, J.M., Gjurcevic, E., Falleti, R., Piro, M.G., Lanteri, G., Iaria, C., & Marino, F. (2024). Natural bacterial co-infection in farmed european sea bass intended for experimental research in Sicily, Southern Italy: Pathological findings. Fishes, 9(9), 360. DOI: 10.3390/fishes9090360
Pradeepkiran, J.A. (2019). Aquaculture role in global food security with nutritional value: A review. Transl. Anim. Sci., 3, 903-910. DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz012
Raissy, M., Moumeni, M., Ansari, M., & Rahimi, E. (2012). Antibiotic resistance pattern of some Vibrio strains isolated from seafood. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 11(3), 618-626.
Ramamurthy, T., Chowdhury, G., Pazhani, G.P., & Shinoda, S. (2014). Vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen. Front Microbiol., 5, 91. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00091
Rameshkumar, P., Nazar, A.K.A., Pradeep, M.A., Kalidas, C., Jayakumar, R., Tamilmani, G., Sakthivel, M., Samal, A.K., Sirajudeen, S., Venkatesan, V., & B.M. Nazeera. (2017). Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus from sea cage cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766)) in India. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 65(5), 423-430. DOI: 10.1111/lam.12800
Saitou, N., & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol., 4(4), 406- 425. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
Sanches-Fernandes, G.M.M., Sa-Correia, I., & Costa, R. (2022). Vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture: Addressing environmental and public health concerns and preventive therapies using gilthead seabream farming as a model system. Front Microbiol., 13, 904815. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904815
Siddique, A.B., Moniruzzaman, M., Ali, S., Dewan, M.N., Islam, M.R., Islam, M. S., Amin, M.B., Mondal, D., Parvez, A.K., & Mahmud, Z.H. (2021). Characterization of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish aquaculture of the southwest coastal area of Bangladesh. Front Microbiol., 12, 635539, 1-15. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635539
Srinivasan, R., Karaoz, U., Volegova, M., MacKichan, J., Kato-Maeda, M., Miller, S., Nadarajan, R., Brodie, E.L., & Lynch, S.V. (2015). Use of 16S rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. PLoS One, 10, e0117617. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117617
Subasinghe, R., Soto, D., & Jia, J. (2009). Global aquaculture and its role in sustainable development. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1, 2-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-5131.2008.01002.x
Sun, Y., Yan, Y., Yan, S., Li, F., Li, Y., Yan, L., Yang, D., Peng, Z., Yang, B., Sun, J., Xu, J., Dong, Y., & Bai, Y. (2024). Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and genomic analysis of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from seafood and freshwater products in China. Front Microbiol., 15, 1381457, 1-12. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381457
Tanrikul, T.T. (2007). Vibriosis as an epizootic disease of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Pakistan Journal Biological Sciences, 10(10), 1733- 1737. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.1733.1737
Tanrikul, T.T., & Gultepe, N., (2011). Mix infections in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum O1. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10, 1019-1023. DOI: 10.36478/javaa.2011.1019.1023
Tammas, I., Bitchava, K., & Gelasakis, A.I. (2024). Transforming aquaculture through vaccination: a review on recent developments and milestones. Vaccines, 12(7), 732. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070732
Triga, A., Smyrli, M., & Katharios, P. (2023). Pathogenic and opportunistic Vibrio spp. associated with vibriosis incidences in the Greek aquaculture: The role of Vibrio harveyi as the principal cause of vibriosis. Microorganisms, 11(5). 1197. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051197
Turgay, E., & Karatas, S. (2016). First report of Vibrio harveyi infection in diseased common dentex (Dentex dentex) cultured in Turkey. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 12, 170-76.
Zhang, X.H., He, X., & Austin, B. (2020). Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture. Mar. Life Sci. Technol., 2. 231-45. DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00037-z
Zhou, D., Zhang, B., Dong, Y., Li, X., & Zhang, J. (2024). Coinfection of cage-cultured spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) with Vibrio harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida associated with skin ulcer. Microorganisms, 12(3), 503. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030503
Zin, H., Ham, I., Shin, S., Yu, H., Choi, T.-J., Ha, K., & Mok, J.S. (2025). Distribution, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the southern coastal waters of republic of Korea. Antibiotics, 14(5), 435. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14050435
Zrncic, S., Katharios, P., Padros, F., Fioravanti, M., Gustinelli, A., Le Breton, A., & Toffan, A. (2025). New challenges and achievements in mediterranean fish health management. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 45(1). DOI: 10.48045/001c.118459

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Balık Zararlıları ve Hastalıkları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Zeynep Dengiz Balta ^*
0000-0002-7795-828X
Türkiye

Fikri Balta
0000-0002-1823-5823
Türkiye

Salih Kumru
0000-0002-2309-3110
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

21 Ekim 2025

Kabul Tarihi

29 Kasım 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1807752

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA52KN52XE

APA

Dengiz Balta, Z., Balta, F., & Kumru, S. (2025). Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 10(6), 1036-1045. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1807752

AMA

1.Dengiz Balta Z, Balta F, Kumru S. Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2025;10(6):1036-1045. doi:10.35229/jaes.1807752

Chicago

Dengiz Balta, Zeynep, Fikri Balta, ve Salih Kumru. 2025. “Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 10 (6): 1036-45. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1807752.

EndNote

Dengiz Balta Z, Balta F, Kumru S (01 Kasım 2025) Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 10 6 1036–1045.

IEEE

[1]Z. Dengiz Balta, F. Balta, ve S. Kumru, “Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea”, Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, c. 10, sy 6, ss. 1036–1045, Kas. 2025, doi: 10.35229/jaes.1807752.

ISNAD

Dengiz Balta, Zeynep - Balta, Fikri - Kumru, Salih. “Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 10/6 (01 Kasım 2025): 1036-1045. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1807752.

JAMA

1.Dengiz Balta Z, Balta F, Kumru S. Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 2025;10:1036–1045.

MLA

Dengiz Balta, Zeynep, vd. “Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea”. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, c. 10, sy 6, Kasım 2025, ss. 1036-45, doi:10.35229/jaes.1807752.

Vancouver

1.Zeynep Dengiz Balta, Fikri Balta, Salih Kumru. Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. 01 Kasım 2025;10(6):1036-45. doi:10.35229/jaes.1807752

JAES, 2016- 11.yıl

Identification of Vibrio Infections in Cultured Sea Bass and Rainbow Trout in the Black Sea

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Karadeniz'de Yetiştirilen Levrek ve Gökkuşağı Alabalığında Vibrio Enfeksiyonlarının Tanımlanması

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster