Araştırma Makalesi
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Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in Dairy Cattle and the Farm Environment

Yıl 2018, , 85 - 90, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.387063

Öz

The aims of this study were, to detect the presence,
and investigate the seasonal prevalence of E.
coli
O157:H7 from feces and milk of the healthy dairy cattle in various age
groups, and from feces of the other animals (dog, cat etc.) present in the
farms. Also environmental samples from the farms which belonged to public or
private establishments, in the Marmara Region of Turkey were included.



            For
that purpose, 96 fecal and milk samples from the same animals (except death and
slaughtering) and 96 environmental samples were collected from the determined
10 farms, in fall and spring periods. 



            In total, of 576 (288 samples in the fall period while
288 samples in the spring) samples were examined. The samples were collected
totally from 139 animals because of the new animals were added due to death or slaughtering
in the spring period.



            All
samples were enriched in modified Tryptic Soya Broth. After the immunomagnetic
separation, O157 Dynabeads and bacterial suspensions were inoculated onto
sorbitol MacConkey agar with cefixime and tellurite. Sorbitol negative colonies
were inoculated onto sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with
4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide. Suspected colonies which were chosen from
this medium were applied for latex and tube agglutination assays for
characterization of O157 serogroup, biochemical tests and tube agglutination
assay for detecting H7 antigen respectively.



            In
the fall period, E. coli O157 was
isolated from one environmental sample and E.coli
O157:H7 from one fecal sample. In the spring period, E. coli O157 was isolated from 10 and E. coli O157:H7 from one fecal sample. Seven of E. coli O157 isolates were from the same
farm which tested negative during in the first sampling. In total, 576 samples
were examined and two samples were identified as E. coli O157:H7 (0.35 %) and confirmed by PCR assay applied on the
BAX System Q7.



            E. coli O157:H7 which was identified in
the fall period was not isolated in the spring period. Because, the animal which
fecal sample taken from was newly added because of slaughtering or death.



            Seasonal
effect was detected significant only in the isolation rate of E. coli O157 in feces (p<0.01).

Kaynakça

  • 1. AKKAYA L., ALISARLI M., KARA R., TELLI R.: The prevalance of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milks and cheeses sold in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Yuzuncu Yil., 2007, 18(1), 1-5.2. ASLANTAS O., ERDOGAN S., CANTEKIN Z., GULACTI I., EVRENDILEK GA.: Isolation and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 from Turkish cattle. J. Food Microbiol., 2006,106(3), 338-342.3. AYDIN F., ICA T., YONTAR A.: Investigation with conventional and molecular method of Escherichia coli in dairy cattle in Kayseri Region. JHS., 2010, 19(3), 159-166.4. BAYAR S.: Investigation and determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat and meat products which sold in Izmir. MSc thesis, Ege University, Institute of Science, Izmir, Turkey, 2007.5. BESER TE., LETT SM., WEBER JT., DOYLE MP., BARRETT TJ., WELLS JG., PATRICIA M., GRIFFIN MD.: An outbreak of diarrhea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh pressed apple cider. JAMA., 1993, 269, 2217-2220.6. CABALAR M., BOYNUKARA B., GULHAN T., EKIN H.:Prevalence of Rotavirus, Escherichia coli K99 and O157:H7 in healthy dairy cattle herds in Van, Turkey. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2001, 25, 191-196.7. CAPRIOLI A., MORABITO S., BRUGERE H., OSWALT E.: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission. Vet. Res., 2005, 36, 289-311.8. CEBIROGLU H.: Investigations on presence of Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 in frozen hamburger and meatball. MSc thesis, Istanbul University, The Istutute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey, 1998.9. CHAPMAN PA., SIDDONS CA., CERDON MALO AT., HARKIN MA.: A 1-year study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. Epidemiol. Infect., 1997, 119, 245-250.10. CICEK E.: The isolation of Esherichia coli O157:H7 in milk and feaces of cattle in Eagean Region and determination of their verotoxin. PhD thesis, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey, 2008.11. DUNN JR.: The epidemiology of Shiga -Toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Louisiana dairy cattle, beef cattle and white-tailed deer. PhD thesis. Luisiana State University, Luisiana, USA, 2003.12. ELDER RO., KEEN JE., SIRAGUSA GR., BARKOCY-GALLAGHER GA., KOOHMARAIE M., LAEGREID WW.: Correlation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 prevalance in feces, hides and carcasses of beef cattle during processing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2000, 97(7), 2999-3003.13. FAITH NG., SHERE JA., BROSCH R., ARNOLD KW., ANSAY SE., LEE MS., LUCHANSKY JB., KAPSAR CW.: Prevalence and clonal nature of Escherichiacoli O157:H7 on dairy farms in Wisconsin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1996, 62(5), 1519-1525.14. FLEMMING S., STROCKBINE NA.: Bergey’s Manuel of Systemic bacteriology. In: G.M. GARRITY (éd.): The genus Escherichia, 2nd ed. Springer, East Lansing, Michigan, 2005, 607-625.15. FRANZOLIN, MR., ALVES, RCB., KELLER, R., GOMES, TAT, BEUTIN, K., BARRETO, ML., MILROY, C., STRINA, A., RIBERIO H., TRABUSI, L.R.: Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 2005, 100(4), 359-363.16. GARBER LP., WELLS SJ., HANCOCK DD., DOYLE MP., TUTTLE J., SHERE JA., ZHAO T.: Risk factors for shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy calves. J.Am. Vet.Med.Assoc. ,1995, 207, 46-49. 17. GONUL ŞA.: Çiğ süt ve peynir örneklerinde enterohemorajik E. coli’ye (O157:H7) rastlanma sıklığı. KÜKEM Derg.,1997,20(2), 69-73. 17. HANCOCK DD., BESER TE., RICE DH., EBEL ED., HERRIOTT DE., CARPENTER LV.:Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the Northwestern USA. Prev. Vet.Med., 1998, 35(1), 11-19.18. HEUVELINK AE., VAN den BIGGELAAR FLAM., de BOER de E., HERBES RG., MELCHERS WJG., HUISIN’TVELD JH., MONNENS LAH.: Isolation and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 strains from Dutch cattle and sheep. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1998, 36, 878-882.19. KEENE WE., SAZIE E., KOK J., RICE DH., HANCOCK DD., BALAN VK., ZHAO T., DOYLE MP.: An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections traced jerky made from deer meat. JAMA.,1997, 277, 1229-1231.20. KUYUCUOGLU. Y, ŞEKER E., SAREYYUPOGLU B., GURLER Z.: Detection of enterohemolysin and intimin genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains isolated from calves and cattle in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University. 2011, 17(4), 663-666.21. LAHTI E., RUOHO I., RANTALA L., HANNINEN ML., HONKANEN-BUZALSKI T.: Longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in a cattle finishing unit. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2003, 69, 554–561.22. MECHIE SC., CHAPMAN PA., SIDDONS CA.: A fifteen month study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd. Epidemiol. Infect., 1997, (118),17-25.23. OKSUZ O., ARICI M., KURULTAY S., GUMUS T.:Incidence of Escherichia coli O157 in raw milk and pickled cheese manifactured from raw milk in Turkey. Food Control., 2004, 15, 453-456.24. OZDAMAR K.: SPSS ile biyoistatistik., 3rd. ed., Eskisehir, Turkiye, Kaan Kitabevi, 1999,pp. 341-349.25. PADHYE N., DOYLE MP.: Escherichia coli O157:H7 epidemiology, pathogenesis, and methods for detection in food. J. FoodProt., 1992, 55, 555-565.26. PEACOCK E., JACOB VW., FALLONE SM.: Escherichia coli O157:H7: etiology, clinica features, complications and treatment. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 2001, 28(5), 547 557.27. PICOZZI C., FOSCHINO R., HEUVELINK A., BEUMER R.: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of sorbitol-negative or slow-fermenting (suspected O157) Escherichia coli isolated milk samples in Lombardy region. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2005, 40, 491-496.28. RICHARDS MS., CORKISH JD., SAYERS AR., MACLAREN IM., EVANS SJ., WRAY V.: Studies of the presence of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli O157 in bovine feces submitted for the diagnostic purposes in England and Wales and on beef carcasses in abattoirs in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol. Infect., 1998, 120, 187– 192.29. SCHOUTEN JM., GRAAT EAM., FRANKENA K., VAN de GIESSEN AW., VAN der ZWALUW WK, de JONG MCM.: A longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle of a Dutch dairy farm and in the farm environment. Vet. Microbiol., 2005, 107(3-4), 193-204.30. UNLUTURK A, TURANTAS F.: Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi. İzmir, Türkiye, Mengi Tan Basımevi, 1998.31. UNSAL C.: Occurance E.coli O157: H7 in meat consumed in Erzurum. MSc, Ataturk University The Istutute of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey, 2007.32. WELLS JG., SHIPMANN LD., GREENE KD., SOWERS EG., GREEN JH, CAMERON DN.,DOWNES FP., MARTIN ML., GRIFFIN PM., OSTROFF SM.: Isolation of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and other shiga-like-toxin producing E. coli from dairy cattle. J.Clin. Microbiol., 1991, 29, 985-989.33. YILMAZ A.: Salatalarda kullanılan sebzelerden E. coli O157:H7 izolasyonu ve verotoksijenik genin PCR ile saptanması. PhD thesis. Istanbul University, The Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 2002.34. ZHAO T., DOYLE MP., SHERE J., GARBER L.: Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a survey of dairy herds. App. Environ. Microbiol., 1995, 61(4), 1290-1293.

Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki Süt İşletmelerindeki İneklerde ve Çevrede E. coli O157:H7 Varlığının Saptanması

Yıl 2018, , 85 - 90, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.387063

Öz


Bu çalışmada, Marmara Bölgesinde kamu ve özel sektöre ait süt işletmelerinde bulunan çeşitli yaş gruplarındaki sağlıklı ineklerin dışkı ve sütlerinde, çiftlikte bulunan diğer hayvanların (köpek, kedi vs) dışkılarında ayrıca işletmelere ait çevresel örneklerde E.coli O157:H7’nin varlığının saptanması, mevsimsel olarak prevalansının belirlenmesi
amaçlandı. Bu amaçla belirlenen 10 süt sığırcılığı işletmesinden sonbahar ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde aynı hayvanlardan (ölüm ve kesim dışında) ve çevresel örneklerden tesadüfî örnekleme ile 96’şar adet dışkı, süt ve çevre örneği toplandı. Birinci dönem 288, ikinci dönem 288 olmak üzere toplam olarak 576 örnek incelendi. Her iki dönemde ölüm ve kesim nedeniyle çalışmaya yeni dâhil edilen inekler ile toplamda 139 ineğe ait örnek incelendi.
Örnekler Modifiye Triptic Soy Buyyon’da zenginleştirildi. İmmunomanyetik
Seperasyon ve ardından O157 Dynabead ve bakteri kompleksi içeren örneklerden sefiksim ve tellurit ilave edilen Sorbitollü MacConkey agara ekim yapıldı. Sorbitol negatif koloniler yeniden 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide Sorbitollu MacConkey agara ekildi. Bu besiyerlerinde üreyen şüpheli koloniler seçildi ve bunlara sırasıyla O157 serogrubunun tanımlanması için tüp ve lateks aglütinasyon testleri, biyokimyasal testler ve H7 antijenlerinin saptanması için tüp aglütinasyon testi uygulandı.
Sonuç olarak, sonbahar döneminde toplanan 288 örnekten çevresel kaynaklı bir örnekte E. coli O157, dışkı kaynaklı bir örnekte E. coli O157:H7 izole ve identifiye edildi.
İlkbahar döneminde toplanan 288 örneğin dışkı kökenli 10’unda E. coli O157 ve dışkı kökenli birinde E. coli O157:H7 izole ve identifiye edildi. E. coli O157 identifiye edilen örneklerin 7’si ay çiftliğe ait, ilk örneklemede negatif olarak bulunan ineklerdi.
Toplam olarak incelenen 576 örneğin iki (%0.35)’sinde E. coli O157:H7 izole ve identifiye edildi.
Sonbahar döneminde E. coli O157:H7 identifiye edilen dışkıdan, ilkbahar döneminde E. coli O157:H7 izole edilmedi. İlkbahar döneminde dışkısından O157:H7 identifiye edilen hayvan, sonbahar döneminde rastgele seçilen hayvanlar arasında yer almaması nedeniyle örnek alınmayan, ikinci örneklemede kesime giden hayvanların yerine rastgele seçilen yeni hayvanlardan biriydi. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda sadece dışkıda mevsimsel olarak O157 izolasyon oranı önemli bulundu (p<0.01).

Bu çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No:T-5204

Kaynakça

  • 1. AKKAYA L., ALISARLI M., KARA R., TELLI R.: The prevalance of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milks and cheeses sold in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Yuzuncu Yil., 2007, 18(1), 1-5.2. ASLANTAS O., ERDOGAN S., CANTEKIN Z., GULACTI I., EVRENDILEK GA.: Isolation and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 from Turkish cattle. J. Food Microbiol., 2006,106(3), 338-342.3. AYDIN F., ICA T., YONTAR A.: Investigation with conventional and molecular method of Escherichia coli in dairy cattle in Kayseri Region. JHS., 2010, 19(3), 159-166.4. BAYAR S.: Investigation and determination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat and meat products which sold in Izmir. MSc thesis, Ege University, Institute of Science, Izmir, Turkey, 2007.5. BESER TE., LETT SM., WEBER JT., DOYLE MP., BARRETT TJ., WELLS JG., PATRICIA M., GRIFFIN MD.: An outbreak of diarrhea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome from Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh pressed apple cider. JAMA., 1993, 269, 2217-2220.6. CABALAR M., BOYNUKARA B., GULHAN T., EKIN H.:Prevalence of Rotavirus, Escherichia coli K99 and O157:H7 in healthy dairy cattle herds in Van, Turkey. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2001, 25, 191-196.7. CAPRIOLI A., MORABITO S., BRUGERE H., OSWALT E.: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli emerging issues on virulence and modes of transmission. Vet. Res., 2005, 36, 289-311.8. CEBIROGLU H.: Investigations on presence of Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 in frozen hamburger and meatball. MSc thesis, Istanbul University, The Istutute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey, 1998.9. CHAPMAN PA., SIDDONS CA., CERDON MALO AT., HARKIN MA.: A 1-year study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry. Epidemiol. Infect., 1997, 119, 245-250.10. CICEK E.: The isolation of Esherichia coli O157:H7 in milk and feaces of cattle in Eagean Region and determination of their verotoxin. PhD thesis, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey, 2008.11. DUNN JR.: The epidemiology of Shiga -Toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Louisiana dairy cattle, beef cattle and white-tailed deer. PhD thesis. Luisiana State University, Luisiana, USA, 2003.12. ELDER RO., KEEN JE., SIRAGUSA GR., BARKOCY-GALLAGHER GA., KOOHMARAIE M., LAEGREID WW.: Correlation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 prevalance in feces, hides and carcasses of beef cattle during processing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2000, 97(7), 2999-3003.13. FAITH NG., SHERE JA., BROSCH R., ARNOLD KW., ANSAY SE., LEE MS., LUCHANSKY JB., KAPSAR CW.: Prevalence and clonal nature of Escherichiacoli O157:H7 on dairy farms in Wisconsin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 1996, 62(5), 1519-1525.14. FLEMMING S., STROCKBINE NA.: Bergey’s Manuel of Systemic bacteriology. In: G.M. GARRITY (éd.): The genus Escherichia, 2nd ed. Springer, East Lansing, Michigan, 2005, 607-625.15. FRANZOLIN, MR., ALVES, RCB., KELLER, R., GOMES, TAT, BEUTIN, K., BARRETO, ML., MILROY, C., STRINA, A., RIBERIO H., TRABUSI, L.R.: Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in children with diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 2005, 100(4), 359-363.16. GARBER LP., WELLS SJ., HANCOCK DD., DOYLE MP., TUTTLE J., SHERE JA., ZHAO T.: Risk factors for shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy calves. J.Am. Vet.Med.Assoc. ,1995, 207, 46-49. 17. GONUL ŞA.: Çiğ süt ve peynir örneklerinde enterohemorajik E. coli’ye (O157:H7) rastlanma sıklığı. KÜKEM Derg.,1997,20(2), 69-73. 17. HANCOCK DD., BESER TE., RICE DH., EBEL ED., HERRIOTT DE., CARPENTER LV.:Multiple sources of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlots and dairy farms in the Northwestern USA. Prev. Vet.Med., 1998, 35(1), 11-19.18. HEUVELINK AE., VAN den BIGGELAAR FLAM., de BOER de E., HERBES RG., MELCHERS WJG., HUISIN’TVELD JH., MONNENS LAH.: Isolation and characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 strains from Dutch cattle and sheep. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1998, 36, 878-882.19. KEENE WE., SAZIE E., KOK J., RICE DH., HANCOCK DD., BALAN VK., ZHAO T., DOYLE MP.: An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections traced jerky made from deer meat. JAMA.,1997, 277, 1229-1231.20. KUYUCUOGLU. Y, ŞEKER E., SAREYYUPOGLU B., GURLER Z.: Detection of enterohemolysin and intimin genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains isolated from calves and cattle in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University. 2011, 17(4), 663-666.21. LAHTI E., RUOHO I., RANTALA L., HANNINEN ML., HONKANEN-BUZALSKI T.: Longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in a cattle finishing unit. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2003, 69, 554–561.22. MECHIE SC., CHAPMAN PA., SIDDONS CA.: A fifteen month study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a dairy herd. Epidemiol. Infect., 1997, (118),17-25.23. OKSUZ O., ARICI M., KURULTAY S., GUMUS T.:Incidence of Escherichia coli O157 in raw milk and pickled cheese manifactured from raw milk in Turkey. Food Control., 2004, 15, 453-456.24. OZDAMAR K.: SPSS ile biyoistatistik., 3rd. ed., Eskisehir, Turkiye, Kaan Kitabevi, 1999,pp. 341-349.25. PADHYE N., DOYLE MP.: Escherichia coli O157:H7 epidemiology, pathogenesis, and methods for detection in food. J. FoodProt., 1992, 55, 555-565.26. PEACOCK E., JACOB VW., FALLONE SM.: Escherichia coli O157:H7: etiology, clinica features, complications and treatment. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 2001, 28(5), 547 557.27. PICOZZI C., FOSCHINO R., HEUVELINK A., BEUMER R.: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of sorbitol-negative or slow-fermenting (suspected O157) Escherichia coli isolated milk samples in Lombardy region. Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2005, 40, 491-496.28. RICHARDS MS., CORKISH JD., SAYERS AR., MACLAREN IM., EVANS SJ., WRAY V.: Studies of the presence of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli O157 in bovine feces submitted for the diagnostic purposes in England and Wales and on beef carcasses in abattoirs in the United Kingdom. Epidemiol. Infect., 1998, 120, 187– 192.29. SCHOUTEN JM., GRAAT EAM., FRANKENA K., VAN de GIESSEN AW., VAN der ZWALUW WK, de JONG MCM.: A longitudinal study of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle of a Dutch dairy farm and in the farm environment. Vet. Microbiol., 2005, 107(3-4), 193-204.30. UNLUTURK A, TURANTAS F.: Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi. İzmir, Türkiye, Mengi Tan Basımevi, 1998.31. UNSAL C.: Occurance E.coli O157: H7 in meat consumed in Erzurum. MSc, Ataturk University The Istutute of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey, 2007.32. WELLS JG., SHIPMANN LD., GREENE KD., SOWERS EG., GREEN JH, CAMERON DN.,DOWNES FP., MARTIN ML., GRIFFIN PM., OSTROFF SM.: Isolation of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and other shiga-like-toxin producing E. coli from dairy cattle. J.Clin. Microbiol., 1991, 29, 985-989.33. YILMAZ A.: Salatalarda kullanılan sebzelerden E. coli O157:H7 izolasyonu ve verotoksijenik genin PCR ile saptanması. PhD thesis. Istanbul University, The Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey, 2002.34. ZHAO T., DOYLE MP., SHERE J., GARBER L.: Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a survey of dairy herds. App. Environ. Microbiol., 1995, 61(4), 1290-1293.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Esin Birdal 0000-0003-3155-1086

Seyyal Ak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Ocak 2018
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Birdal, E., & Ak, S. (2018). Prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in Dairy Cattle and the Farm Environment. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 3(2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.387063


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