Utilization of Trapa natans
Abstract
In this study, Trapa natans nut collected from the costs of Inkumu-Bartin was analyzed according to its lignin content. Acid-insoluble lignin content was determined according to TAPPI T222om-02 as 28.31%. TGA and FTIR analyses were performed.
FTIR analysis indicated that Trapa natans contained cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The peaks at 1506-1510 cm-1 in both samples are characteristic peaks for the lignin components due to C = O and COO-non-symmetric stretching vibrations in the aromatic rings of the lignin structure. 1510 cm-s peak is found in the literature as lignin’s fingerprint peak. The peaks at 1230-1270 cm-1 band show the vibrations of guayasil ring with CO tension in lignin and hemicelluloses. Around the peaks of 900, 1025, 1030 and 1050 cm-1 bands cellulose’s O-H, C-H and C-O-C type bonds are seen. When TGA analyzes are examined, approximately 4.5% of the sample is lost from 30 °C to 200 °C. At these intervals, samples generally lose volatile constituents and moisture. From 200 to 271 °C 4.6% of the weight is lost. The decrease in this range may be due to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicelluloses. The DTG curve shows maxima weight-loss occurring at 349 °C. The weight-loss in the range from 271-352 °C is about 50%. Pure lignin sample’s TGA and DTG curve results show 10%, 50%, and 70% weight-losses at 233 °C, 489 °C, and 1167 °C respectively. According to these results, dominantly lignin and small quantities of cellulose and hemicelluloses are present in trapa samples.
Keywords
Kaynakça
- Adkar P., Dongare A., Ambavade S. and Bhaskar V.H. (2014). Trapa bispinosa Roxb.: A Review on Nutritional and Pharmacological Aspects. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Pharmacological Sciences Volume 2014, Article ID 959830, 13 pp.
- Akao S., Maeda K., Hosoi Y., Nagare H., Maeda M. and Fujiwara T. (2013). Cascade Utilization of water chesnut: Recovery of Phenolics, Phosphoruz, and Sugars.Enviromental Science and Pollution Research, 20, 5373-5378.
- Can A. and Sivrikaya H. (2016). The Combined Effects of Copper and Oil Treatment on Wood Chemical Properties. International Forestry Symposium (IFS 2016), pp.741-748, 07-10 December (2016).
- Can A. and Sivrikaya H. (2017). Mantar Tahribatına Uğramış Titrek Kavak Odununun FT-IR Yöntemiyle Kimyasal Analizi. Journal of Bartin Faculty of Forestry, 19(1), 139-147. Chau C. F. and Huang, Y. L. (2004). Characterization of Passion Fruit Seed Fibres- A Potential Fibre Source. Food Chemistry, 85, 189–194.
- Chen H., Ferrari C., Angiuli M., Yao J., Raspi C. and Bramanti E. (2010). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Wood Samples by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis. Carbohyd. Polym., 82, 772–778.
- Chiang P.Y. and Ciou J.Y. (2010). Effect of Pulverization on the Antioxidant Activity of Water Caltrop (Trapa taiwanensis Nakai) Pericarps. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 43, 361-365.
- Donmez I.E., (2010). Yükselti Farkina Göre Sariçamin (Pinus Sylvestris L.) Anatomik ve Kimyasal Bileşiminde Meydana Gelen Değişimler. Bartin University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Bartın, Türkiye, pp.163.
- El-Sayed S.A. and Mostafa M.E. (2014). Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetic Parameters Determination of Biomass Fuel Powders by Differential Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA/DTG). Energy Conversion and Management, 85, 165-172.
- Esteves B., Marques A.V., Domingos I. and Pereira H. (2013). Chemical Changes of Heat Treated Pine and Eucalypt Wood Monitored by FTIR. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 15(2), 245-258.
- Gonultas O. And Candan Z. (2018). Chemical Characterization and FTIR Spectroscopy of Thermally Compressed Eucalyptus Wood Panels. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol, 20(4).