Ecosystem Services Provided by Tree Species Used in Urban Parks: Rize case

Yıl 2020, , 541 - 550, 31.12.2020

Derya Sarı , Uğur Kurt Yağmur Resne Ömer Lütfü Çorbacı

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.774967

Cited By: 6

Öz

Ecosystem services are the benefits provided to people by natural systems ranging from food and water to recreation and climate regulation. Therefore, the most efficient use of these benefits depends on the right planning strategies for parks and urban green spaces, which support biodiversity and are an important component for green infrastructures. The present study aimed to investigate the ecosystem services provided by tree species used in urban parks. In this context, Mesut Yılmaz (Sahil) Park, located in the city center of Rize, was chosen as the study area. As a result of the on-site observation and investigation carried out in the park, a total of 138 taxa, 71 of which were trees and small trees, were identified. The species detected in the park area grouped by hierarchical cluster analysis. Thus, the main benefits (social, aesthetic, climatic-physical, biological and economic benefits) and ecosystem services (supplier, organizer, habitat and cultural services) provided by the 12 tree species in the first group were examined in the evaluation table. Woody plants offer many valuable ecosystem services such as improving air quality, increasing cultural and aesthetic value, potential for biodiversity, carbon capture, energy saving and micro climate conditioning, improving human health, noise reduction and rainwater management. It is an important requirement to develop planting design strategies of urban parks in a way that supports ecosystem services and to pay attention to these issues in applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ecosystem services, Planting design, Rize, Urban parks, Urban trees

Kent Parklarında Kullanılan Ağaç Türlerinin Sağladığı Ekosistem Hizmetleri: Rize Örneği

Öz

Ekosistem hizmetleri, insanlara gıda ve sudan rekreasyon ve iklim düzenlemesine kadar uzanan doğal sistemler tarafından sağlanan faydalardır. Dolayısıyla bu faydalardan insanların en verimli şekilde yararlanabilmesi, biyoçeşitliliği destekleyen ve yeşil altyapılar için önemli bir bileşen olan parklar ve kentsel yeşil alanların doğru stratejiler ile planlanmasına bağlıdır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, kent parklarında kullanılan ağaç türlerinin sağladığı ekosistem hizmetleri ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Rize il merkezinde yer alan Mesut Yılmaz (Sahil) Parkı çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Park içerisinde yapılan yerinde gözlem ve inceleme sonucunda alanda 71’i ağaç ve ağaççık olmak üzere toplam 138 takson varlığı belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen ağaç türleri bulunma oranlarına göre kümeleme analizine tabi tutularak alanda en çok kullanılan tür grupları belirlenmiştir. Buna göre ilk grupta yer alan 12 adet ağaç türünün sağladığı başlıca yararlar (sosyal, estetik, iklimsel-fiziksel, biyolojik ve ekonomik yararlar) ve ekosistem hizmetleri (tedarikçi, düzenleyici, habitat ve kültürel servisler) genel değerlendirme tablosunda ortaya konularak irdelenmiştir. Odunsu peyzaj bitkileri, hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi, kültürel ve estetik değeri arttırma, biyolojik çeşitlilik potansiyeli, karbon tutumu, enerji tasarrufu ve mikro klima düzenlemesi, insan sağlığının iyileştirilmesi, gürültüyü azaltma ve yağmur suyu yönetimi gibi birçok değerli ekosistem hizmeti sunmaktadır. Kurakçıl tasarımlar, yeşil çatılar ve dikey bahçeler gibi konseptlerin yanı sıra kent parklarının bitkilendirme tasarımı stratejilerinin de ekosistem hizmetlerini destekleyici yönde geliştirilmesi ve uygulamalarda bu hususlara dikkat edilmesi önemli bir gerekliliktir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bitkisel tasarım, Ekosistem servisleri, Kent ağaçları, Kent parkları

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