Yeşil Alanların Ekolojik Bağlantılığının Mekânsal Zamansal Değerlendirilmesi: Manisa Örneği

Yıl 2020, , 585 - 596, 31.12.2020

Derya Gülçin

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.794559

Cited By: 1

Öz

Peyzaj paterni, çevresel faktörler ve insan etkisi ile sürekli değişmektedir. Bu değişiklik, peyzajların ekolojik bağlantılılıklarını etkilemektedir. Peyzajda bağlantılılığın değişimini ele alırken, peyzaj paterninin dağılımını ve kompozisyonunu analiz etmek önemlidir. Sanayileşme ve kentleşme sürecinin peyzaj üzerindeki etkisinin yüksek olduğu Manisa’da yapılan bu araştırma, doğallık seviyesi yüksek yeşil alanlar arasındaki ekolojik bağlantılılığın zaman içerisindeki değişimine odaklanmıştır. 1990, 2000 ve 2018 yılları arasındaki yeşil alanların yapısal bağlantılık değişimi, çeşitli mekânsal analizler ile incelenmiştir. Bu araştırma, yeşil alanların peyzaj paternindeki parçalanmasını izlemek ve referans olarak kullanılabilecek plan (peyzaj planı, üst ölçekli mekânsal planlar, bölge planı, peyzaj atlası vb.) kararlarının oluşturulmasında, “çevresel izleme ve değerlendirme” katkısı sunması bakımından değerlidir. Bağlantı haritalarının oluşturulmasında ve bağlantılılığın yorumlanmasında morfolojik mekânsal patern analizi ve network analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın iki amacı vardır: 1) bağlantılılık ünitelerinin mekânsal-zamansal değişimini izlemek, 2) bağlantılılık açısından önemli ekolojik düğüm ve bağları haritalamak ve bağlantılılık sınıflarının zamansal değişimi yorumlamak. Sonuçlar, 1990-2018 yılları arasında habitat ünitelerinde %3,49 (464,6 km2) azalma olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapısal bağlantılılığı sağlayan merkez ve koridorlar alanlarından toplam 178 km2 alan kaybedilmiştir. Yeşil alanların bağlantılık düzeyi haritasına göre, mekânsal zamansal değişim sonucunda, yüksek düzeyde bağlantılılık sağlayan düğüm yamalarının (nodes) düşük düzeyde bağlantı sağlayan yamalara dönüşmüştür. Buna ek olarak, ekolojik bağlantılılık sağlayan bağlantı ünitelerinin (links) önem düzeyi değişmiştir. Ekolojik bağlantılılığı çok düşük ve orta düzeydeki yeşil alanların önem düzeyinin artması, araştırma alanındaki bazı yeşil alanların parçalandığını ve bu nedenle oluşan yeni bağlantıların, önceki yıllardaki bağlantı seviyesine göre daha önemli olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mekânsal Bağlantılılık, Peyzaj Planlama, Network Analizi, Peyzaj Paterni, Doğal Peyzaj

Teşekkür

GuidosToolbox 2.9 yazılımının geliştiricisi Dr. Peter Vogt’a yeşil alanların mekânsal analizleri hakkında verdiği teknik destekten dolayı teşekkür ederim.

Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of the Structural Connectivity of Green Spaces in Manisa

Öz

There are ongoing changes in landscape patterns due to environmental factors and human impact. These changes affect the ecological connectivity of landscapes. When considering the change in connectivity in the landscape, it is important to analyze the distribution and composition of the landscape patterns. Conducted in Manisa, where the industrialization and urbanization process has had a high impact on the landscape, this research focuses on the change over time in ecological connectivity between ecologically significant green spaces. This research uses spatial analysis to measure changes in structural connectivity between green spaces in the years 1990, 2000, and 2018. It contributes to the knowledge of environmental monitoring by providing a methodological approach that can be used to inform planning and policy decisions. Examples of its potential applications include the development of landscape plans, upper scale spatial plans, and regional plans. Morphological spatial pattern analysis and network analysis were used to create and interpret connectivity maps. This research has two purposes: 1) monitoring the spatio-temporal change in connectivity of morphological spatial pattern units, and 2) mapping important ecological nodes and links in connectivity and interpreting their temporal changes. The results showed that there was a 3.49% (464.6 km2) decrease in morphological spatial pattern classes (i.e. habitat units) between 1990 and 2018. A reduction of 178 km2 was observed for cores and bridges classes that provide structural connectivity. As a result of the spatio-temporal change of the habitat units between 1990 and 2018, the node patches that previously provided a high level of connectivity subsequently provided low connectivity. Additionally, it was found that the ecological importance level of the connectivity of links has changed. The increase in the ecological importance of green spaces with a very low and medium level of ecological connectivity indicates that some green spaces in the research area have become fragmented. The development of new links is therefore increasingly important to maintain the ecological sustainability of these fragmented green spaces.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spatial Connectivity, Landscape Planning, Network Analysis, Spatial Pattern, Natural Landscape

Kaynakça

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