Seyhan Nehri’nde DEET (N, N-dietil-m-toluamid) pestisitinin bulunurluğu ve çevresel risk değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2021, , 345 - 351, 28.09.2021

Evşen Güzel

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.895045

Öz

Böcek kovucu DEET, dünyadaki çok çeşitli ülkelerde suda bulunan en yaygın organik kimyasal kirleticilerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, Aralık 2016 ile Kasım 2017 tarihleri arasında, Seyhan Nehri'ndeki 7 istasyondan mevsimsel olarak yüzey suyu örnekleri toplanmıştır. Seyhan Nehri'ndeki DEET konsantrasyonları 18,55-334,71 ng/L arasında tespit edilmiştir. Yedi örnekleme istasyonunun tamamında DEET tespit edilmiş olup, tespit frekansı % 100’dür. Sonbaharda elde edilen sonuçlar yaz aylarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Çevresel risk değerlendirmesine göre Seyhan Nehri'ndeki DEET'in çevresel riski yoktur (ölçülen tüm RQ değerleri 0.01'den düşük bulunmuştur).

Anahtar Kelimeler

pestisit, böcek kovucu, Seyhan Nehri, su kirliliği, çevresel risk değerlendirmesi

Destekleyen Kurum

Çukurova Üniversitesi BAP Birimi

Proje Numarası

FBA-2016-5885

Teşekkür

Prof. Dr. Fatma Çevik, Doç. Dr. Nebile Dağlıoğlu ve Dr. Serdar Kilercioğlu'na saha ve laboratuvar çalışmalarındaki değerli destekleri için teşekkür ederim.

Occurrence and environmental risks assessment of DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) pesticide in Seyhan River, Turkey

Öz

The insect repellent DEET is one of the most common organic chemical pollutants in water in a wide range of countries around the World. In this study, surface water samples were collected seasonally, from 7 stations in Seyhan River, following a period between December 2016 and November 2017. The DEET concentrations in Seyhan River were detected between 18.55-334.71 ng/L. DEET was detected in all seven sampling stations and detection frequency was 100%. Results obtained in autumn were higher than in summer. According to the environmental risk assessment, DEET in the Seyhan River, has no environmental risk (all measured RQ values were lower than 0.01).

Anahtar Kelimeler

pesticide, insect repellent, Seyhan River, water pollution, environmental risk assesment

Proje Numarası

FBA-2016-5885

Kaynakça

• Alvarez, D. A., Stackelberg, P. E., Petty, J. D., Huckins, J. N., Furlong, E. T., Zaugg, S. D., & Meyer, M. T. (2005). Comparison of a novel passive sampler to standard water-column sampling for organic contaminants associated with wastewater effluents entering a New Jersey stream. Chemosphere, 61(5), 610–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.023
• Aronson, D., Weeks, J., Meylan, B., Guiney, P. D., & Howard, P. H. (2012). Environmental release, environmental concentrations, and ecological risk of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 8(1), 135–166. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.271
• Bartelt-Hunt, S. L., Snow, D. D., Damon, T., Shockley, J., & Hoagland, K. (2009). The occurrence of illicit and therapeutic pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and surface waters in Nebraska. Environmental Pollution, 157(3), 786–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.025
• Benotti, M. J., Trenholm, R. A., Vanderford, B. J., Holady, J. C., Stanford, B. D., & Snyder, S. A. (2009). Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in U.S. drinking water. Environmental Science and Technology, 43(3), 597–603. https://doi.org/10.1021/es801845a
• Brausch, J. M., & Rand, G. M. (2011). A review of personal care products in the aquatic environment: Environmental concentrations and toxicity. Chemosphere, 82(11), 1518–1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.018
• Calza, P., Medana, C., Raso, E., Giancotti, V., & Minero, C. (2011). N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide transformation in river water. Science of the Total Environment, 409(19), 3894–3901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.006
• Campos, D., Gravato, C., Quintaneiro, C., Koba, O., Randak, T., Soares, A. M. V. M., & Pestana, J. L. T. (2016). Are insect repellents toxic to freshwater insects? A case study using caddisflies exposed to DEET. Chemosphere, 149, 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.098
• Costanzo, S. D., Watkinson, A. J., Murby, E. J., Kolpin, D. W., & Sandstrom, M. W. (2007). Is there a risk associated with the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) commonly found in aquatic environments? Science of the Total Environment, 384(1–3), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.036
• Dsikowitzky, L., Dwiyitno, Heruwati, E., Ariyani, F., Irianto, H. E., & Schwarzbauer, J. (2014). Exceptionally high concentrations of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in surface waters from Jakarta, Indonesia. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 12(3), 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-014-0462-6
• Glassmeyer, S. T., Furlong, E. T., Kolpin, D. W., Cahill, J. D., Zaugg, S. D., Werner, S. L.,Kryak, D. D. (2005). Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: Potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(14), 5157–5169. https://doi.org/10.1021/es048120k
• Guzel, E. Y., Cevik, F., & Daglioglu, N. (2017). DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) pestisitinin Orta Güney Türkiye yüzey sularında bulunurluğu ve mevsimsel değişimi. In 2nd International waer and Health Congress (p. 390). Antalya, Turkey.
• Guzel, E. Y., Cevik, F., & Daglioglu, N. (2018a). Determination of pharmaceutical active compounds in Ceyhan River, Turkey: Seasonal, spatial variations and environmental risk assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 25(8), 1980-1995,. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1479631
• Guzel, E. Y., Cevik, F., & Daglioglu, N. (2018b). Occurrence and seasonal changes of N,N-diethyl- m -toluamide ( DEET ) pesticide in Middle South Turkey surface waters. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 987(3), 978–987.
• Keith, S., Harper, C., Ashizawa, A., Williams, R., Llados, F., Coley, C., & Carlson-Lynch, H. (2017). Toxicological Profile for DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services-Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/286524
• Kolpin, D. W., Furlong, E. T., Meyer, M. T., Thurman, E. M., Zaugg, S. D., Barber, L. B., & Buxton, H. T. (2002). Pharmaceuticals , Hormones , and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U . S . Streams , 1999 - 2000 : A National Reconnaissance. Environmental Science & Technology, 36(6), 1202–1211. https://doi.org/10.1021/es011055j
• Legeay, S., Clere, N., Apaire-Marchais, V., Faure, S., & Lapied, B. (2018). Unusual modes of action of the repellent DEET in insects highlight some human side effects. European Journal of Pharmacology, 825(September 2017), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.033
• Ma, R., Wang, B., Lu, S., Zhang, Y., Yin, L., Huang, J., … Yu, G. (2016). Characterization of pharmaceutically active compounds in Dongting Lake, China: Occurrence, chiral profiling and environmental risk. Science of the Total Environment, 557–558, 268–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.053
• Martinez, E., Vélez, S. M., Mayo, M., & Sastre, M. P. (2016). Acute toxicity assessment of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) on the oxygen flux of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium instriatum. Ecotoxicology, 25(1), 248–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1564-z
• Merel, S., Nikiforov, A. I., & Snyder, S. A. (2015). Potential analytical interferences and seasonal variability in diethyltoluamide environmental monitoring programs. Chemosphere, 127, 238–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.025
• Merel, S., & Snyder, S. A. (2016). Critical assessment of the ubiquitous occurrence and fate of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in water. Environment International, 96, 98–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.004
• Molins-Delgado, D., García-Sillero, D., Díaz-Cruz, M. S., & Barceló, D. (2018). On-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for insect repellent residue analysis in surface waters using atmospheric pressure photoionization. Journal of Chromatography A, 1544, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.027
• Mottaleb, M. A., Usenko, S., Brooks, B. W., & Chambliss, C. K. (2009). Simultaneous analysis of different classes of personal care products in river water by a single gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Environmental Pollution, 30(March 2009), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.008
• Öman, C., & Hynning, P.-Å. (1993). Identification of organic compounds in municipal landfill leachates. Environmental Pollution, 80(3), 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(93)90047-R
• Pereira, W. E., & Hostettler, F. D. (1993). Nonpoint Source Contamination of the Mississippi River and Its Tributaries by Herbicides. Environ. Sci. Technol (Vol. 27). Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines
• Quednow, K., & Püttmann, W. (2009). Temporal concentration changes of DEET, TCEP, terbutryn, and nonylphenols in freshwater streams of Hesse, Germany: Possible influence of mandatory regulations and voluntary environmental agreements. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 16(6), 630–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-009-0169-6
• Sandstrom, M. W., Kolpin, D. W., Thurman, E. M., & Zaugg, S. D. (2005). Widespread detection of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in U.S. streams: Comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 24(5), 1029–1034. https://doi.org/10.1897/04-297R.1
• Sorensen, J. P. R., Lapworth, D. J., Nkhuwa, D. C. W., Stuart, M. E., Gooddy, D. C., Bell, R. A. & Pedley, S. (2015). Emerging contaminants in urban groundwater sources in Africa. Water Research, 72, 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.002
• Stuart, M., Lapworth, D., Crane, E., & Hart, A. (2012). Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater. Science of the Total Environment, 416, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.072
• Sun, H. Q., Du, Y., Zhang, Z. Y., Jiang, W. J., Guo, Y. M., Lu, X. W., … & Sun, L. W. (2016). Acute toxicity and ecological risk assessment of benzophenone and N,N-diethyl-3 methylbenzamide in personal care products. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13090925
• Swale, D. R., Sun, B., Tong, F., & Bloomquist, J. R. (2014). Neurotoxicity and mode of action of N, N-diethyl-Meta-toluamide (DEET). PLoS ONE, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103713
• Weeks, J. A., Guiney, P. D., & Nikiforovz, A. I. (2012). Assessment of the environmental fate and ecotoxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 8(1), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1246
• Weigel, S., Kuhlmann, J., & Huhnerfuss, H. (2002). Drugs and personal care products as ubiquitous pollutants : occurrence and distribution of clofibric acid , caffeine and DEET in the North Sea, 295, 131–141.
• Yang, X., Chen, F., Meng, F., Xie, Y., Chen, H., Young, K., … & Fu, W. (2013). Occurrence and fate of PPCPs and correlations with water quality parameters in urban riverine waters of the Pearl River Delta, South China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(8), 5864–5875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1641-x
• Yoon, Y., Ryu, J., Oh, J., Choi, B.-G., & Snyder, S. A. (2010). Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South Korea). The Science of the Total Environment, 408(3), 636–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.049