Investigation of Salmonella spp. in Healthy and Diarrheic Cats

Yıl 2018, Cilt 3, Sayı 1, 42 - 47, 30.04.2018

Ahmet ZENGİNER Belgi Diren SIĞIRCI Baran ÇELİK Arzu Funda BAĞCIĞİL

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.387578

Öz

Salmonellosis can be seen both in human and many species of animals. There are many studies on farm animals and especially in poultry farming in our country, but studies on companion animals, which have been a big part of urban life recently, are more limited. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. with bacteriological and molecular methods (PCR).

For this purpose, a total of 300 rectal swabs were collected from many different provinces of Istanbul, including healthy and diarrheic cats fed in houses or living freely on the streets. For bacteriological examinations, swab specimens were seeded on selective media following the pre-enrichment step. Suspected colonies were purified and then identified by conventional methods. All swab specimens were also investigated by PCR for presence of Salmonella spp. specific gene regions.

As a result of bacteriological investigations, no Salmonella spp. was isolated from any specimen. Positivity was detected in one specimen in PCR result. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cat, Salmonella spp., culture, PCR

Sağlıklı ve İshalli Kedilerde Salmonella spp. Varlığının Araştırılması

Öz

 Salmonelloz gerek insan gerekse birçok hayvan türünde görülebilmektedir. Ülkemizde çiftlik hayvanlarında ve özellikle de kanatlı yetiştiriciliğinde çok fazla araştırma olmakla birlikte son yıllarda şehir hayatının büyük bir parçası olmuş eşlikçi hayvanlardaki çalışmalar daha sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada kedilerde Salmonella türlerinin varlığının bakteriyolojik ve moleküler yöntemler (PCR) ile araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Bu amaçla, İstanbul’un farklı birçok ilçesinde, sağlıklı ve ishalli toplam 300 adet kediden rektal svab toplanmıştır. Bakteriyolojik incelemeler için, svab örneklerinin ön zenginleştirme aşamasını takiben selektif besiyerlerine ekimleri yapılmıştır. Şüpheli koloniler saflaştırıldıktan sonra konvansiyonel yöntemler ile identifikasyonları yapılmıştır.  Tüm svab örnekleri aynı zamanda PCR ile de Salmonella spp. spesifik gen bölgelerinin varlığı yönünden incelenmiştir.

Bakteriyolojik incelemeler sonucunda hiçbir örnekten Salmonella spp. izole edilmemiştir. PCR sonucunda bir örnekte pozitiflik saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak çalışmada Salmonella spp. izolasyon oranı dünya genelinde yapılan çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında düşük bulunmuştur. Hastalık etkeninin zoonotik özelliği de düşünüldüğünde sonuçlar umut vericidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Salmonella spp., PCR, kedi, kültür

Kaynakça

• Bayram L.C, Aydın F. (2016) An abdominal cavity abscess associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type DT2 in a dog: a case report. Veterinarni Medicina, 61,2016 (5):272-278.
• Hill S.L., Cheney J.M., Taton-Allen G.F., John M.S., Reif S., Bruns C., Lappin M.R. (2000) Prevalence of enteric zoonotic organism in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association March 1, 2000, Vol. 216, No.5, Pages 687-692. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.216.687.
• Carlı T.K., Unal C.B., Caner V., Eyigör A., (2001) Detection of Salmonella in Chicken Feces by a Combination of Tetrathionate Broth Enrichment, Capillary PCR, and Capillary Gel Electrophoresis. http://jcm.asm.org/.
• Carter M.E., Quinn P.J. (2000) Salmonella Infections in dogs and cats. In: Wray C., Wray A., eds. Salmonella in Domestic Animals, UK, Cabi Publishing; 2000. P.231-44.
• Clyde V.L., Ramsay E.C., Bemis D.A. (1997) Fecal Shedding of Salmonella in Exotic Felids. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Vol.28, No.2 (Jun., 1997), pp. 148-152.
• Eyigor A., Carli K.T. (2002) Rapid Detection of salmonella from Poultry by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction with Flourescent Hybridization Probes Avian Diseases 47:380-386,2003.
• Gow. A.G., Gow D.J., Hall E.J., Papasouliotis K. (2009) Prevalance of potentially pathogenic enteric organisms in clinically healthy kittens in UK. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2009) 11,655-662.
• Hariharan H., Matthew V., Fountain J., Snell A., Doherty D., King B., Shemer E., Oliviera S., Sharma R.N. (2011) Aerobic bacteria from mucous membranes , ear canals, and skin wounds of feral cats in Grenada, and the antimicrobial drug susceptibility of major isolates. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 24 (2011)129-134.
• Hoelzer K, Switt A.I.M, Wiedmann M, (2011) Animal contact as a source of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis, Veterinary Research 2011, 42:34 http://www.veterinaryresearch.org/content/41/1/34.
• Kahya S., Eyigör A., Çarlı K.T., (2013) Comparison of Different Sample Types for Salmonella Detection From Chicken Layer Breeder flocks. Uludag Univ. J. Fac. Vet. Med. 32 (2013), 2:19-24.
• Quinn P.J., Carter M.E., Markey B.K., Carter G.R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby-Year Book Europe, London,221.
• Kalambhe D.G, Zade N.N, Chaudhari S.P, Shinde S.V, Khan W, Patil A.R, (2016) Isolation, antibiogram and pathogenecity of Salmonella spp. Recovered from slaughtered food animals in Nagpur region of Central India. Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol./February-2016/11.pdf
• Kocabıyık A.L, Cetin C, Dedicova D, (2006) Detection of Salmonella spp. İn Stray Dogs in Bursa Province, Turkey: First Isolation of Salmonella Corvallis from dogs, J. Vet. B 53,194-196 (2006).
• Kozak M., Horososva K., Lasanda v., Bilek J., Kyselova J. (2003) Do dogs and cats present a risk of transmission of salmonellosis to humans ? Brastil Lek Listy 2003; 104 (10): 323-328.
• Maciel B.M., Dias J.C.T., Romano C.C., Sriranganathan N., Brendel M., Rezende R.P. (2011) Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in Asymptomatic carrier animals: comparison of quantitative real-time PCR and bacteriological culture methods. Genet. Mol. Res. 10(4):2578-2588 (2011).
• Marks S.L, Rankin S.C, Byrne B.A, Weese J.S (2011) Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Dogs and Cats: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treartment, and Control ACVIM Consensus Statement J Vet Intern med 2011;25:1195-1208.
• Olivera S.D., Rodenbusch C.R, Cé M.C., Rocha S.L., Canal C.W. (2003) Evaluation of selective and non-selective enrichment PCR procedures for Salmonella detection. Lett Appl. Microbiol. 2003;36(4):271-21.
• Philbey A.W, Brown F.M, Mather H.A, Coia J.E, Taylor D.J (2009) Salmonellosis in cats in the United Kingdom : 1955 to 2007 the Veterinary Record, january 24,2009.
• Bagcıgil A.F., İkiz S., Dokuzeylül B., Başaran B., Or E., Ozgur N.Y. (2007) Fecal Shedding Salmonella spp. In Dogs. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(7): 775-777,2007.
• Rahn K., De Grandis S.A., Clarke R.C., McEwen S.A., Galan J.E., Ginocchio C., curtiss R. 3rd, Gyles C.L. (1992) Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a spesific method of detection of Salmonella. Mol. Cell Probes. 1992 Aug;6(4):271-9.
• Stiver S.L, Frazier K.S, Manuel M.J. (2003). Septisemic Salmonellosis in Two Cats Fed a Raw-Meat Diet. J AM Anim Hosp Assoc 2003;39:538-542.
• Stone G.G., Oberst R.D., Hays M.P., McVey S., Chengappa M.M. (1994) Detection of Salmonella serovars from clinical samples by enrichment broth cultivation-PCR procedure. J.Chim.Microbiol. July 1994 vol. 32 no. 7 1742-1749.
• Ward M.P., Alinovi C.A., Couetil L.L., Wu C.C. (2005) Evaluation of a PCR to detect Salmonella in fecal samples of horses admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 17:118-123 (2005).
• Weber A, Potel J, Schafer-Schmidt R, Prell A, Datzmann C. Studies on the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in fecal samples of domestic and companion animals. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed 1995;198:117–123. (In German.)
• WHO, (2010) WHO Global Foodborne Infections Network Laboratory Protocol ‘’ Isolation of Salmonella spp. From Food and Animal Feaces’’ 5th Ed. June 2010.
• Van Immersel F, Pasmans F,De Buck J, Rychlik I, Hradecka H, Collard JM, Wildemauwe C, Heyndrickx M, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F (2004). Cats as a Risk for Tranamission of Antimicrobial Drug-resistant Salmonella. Emerging Infections Diseases. www.cdc.gov/eid. Vol. 10, no.12, 2169-2174.