Fasulye gelişiminde, Rhizoctonia solani B227'nin biyotik stresine karşı Trichoderma harzianum ID11C'nin biyokontrol etkinliği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 302 - 311, 30.12.2019

Şengül Alpay Karaoğlu Arif Bozdeveci Müberra Pınarbaş Gökhan Veyisoğlu Cemre Tarakçı

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.555230

Öz

Çalışmada
çay toprağından izole edilen Trichoderma
harzianum ID11C suşunun bazı enzim aktivitesi, ağır metallere toleransı,
tohum (domates, mısır ve fasulye) çimlenmesi üzerine etkinliği ve fasulyede Rhizoctonia solani B227 (AG-4)'nin
biyotik stresine karşı biyokontrol aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlandı. T. harzianum ID11C suşunun bazı enzim
aktiviteleri kromojenik yöntemle incelendi. Sonuçlar farklı konsantrasyonlarda ağır
metal (Cu, Pb, Zn ve Cd) ve tuz toleransı olduğunu gösterdi.T. harzianum ID11C Rhizoctonia solani B227(AG4) izolatının fasulye gelişimine karşın
patojenite testi ve T. harzianum ID11C
suşunun tohum çimlenme başarısına olan etkinliği, su agar metodu ile incelendi.
T. harzianum ID11C ve R. solani B227 varlığında fasulye
gelişim parametreleri saksı deneyi ile araştırıldı. Fizyolojik (ana kök ve
gövde uzunluğu, saçaklanma sayısı, yaprak sayısı, yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları)
parametreler ölçüldü ve istatistiksel analizleri yapıldı.

Trichoderma harzianum ID11C suşu, yüksek
konsantrasyonlarda ağır metallere (100-400 mM) ve tuza (250 mM) karşı
toleranslıdır. Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden enzim aktivitelerinin var olduğu
gözlendi.   T. harzianum suşunun tohumların çimlenme başarısı üzerinde kontrole
kıyasla olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edildi. Saksı deneyinde, kontrol
ile R. solani B227 grupları birbirine
kıyaslandığında, gövde ve ana kök uzunluğu, saçaklanma sayısı ve kökte lezyon
skala değerleri ile yapılan istatistik analizi sonucu aralarında anlamlı farkın
(p< 0.05, Tukey) olduğu belirlendi. R.
solani B227 ve T. harzianum ID11D’nin
ayrı ayrı fasulye gelişimi üzerine olan etkileri,  kontrol grubuna göre iyi olmadığı belirlendi.
Ancak ID11C ve B227+ID11C grupları B227 grubu ile kıyaslandığında, patojenik
etkinliği azalttığı belirlendi.

R. solani B227 (AG4) izolatı, fasulyede
(Zulbiye) patojeniteye neden olduğu, T.
harzianum ID11C suşunun ise istatistiksel olarak olumlu yönde anlamlı bir
fark oluşturmamasına rağmen, tüm parametrelerde patojeniteyi azalttığı
belirlendi. T. harzianum ID11C
suşunun fasulye tarımında Rhizoctonia
solani’ye karşı biyokontrol ve bitki destekleyici ajan olarak
kullanılabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizoctonia solani, biyokontrol, bitki patojeni

The biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum ID11C against to the biotic stress of Rhizoctonia solani B227 in bean development

Öz

The
aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum ID11C strain isolated from tea soil on
germination of seeds (tomato, maize and bean) and to investigate the biocontrol
efficacy against biotic stress of Rhizoctonia
solani B227(AG4) in beans. Some enzyme activities of T. harzianum ID11C strain were investigated by chromogenic method.
It was determined that it
had tolerance to heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) and salt in different
concentrations. The
results showed different concentration of some heavy metal(Cu, Pb, Zn ve Cd)
resistance and salt tolerance. The pathogenicity test against the bean
development of the Rhizoctonia solani
isolate and the efficiency of the T.
harzianum strain to seed germination success were determined by the water
agar method. In the presence of T. harzianum
and Rhizoctonia solani, bean
development parameters were investigated by pot experiment. Physiological parameters
(root and stem length, number of hair root, leaf surface area and number, wet
and dry weights, etc.) were measured and then statistical analyzes were
performed.

Trichoderma harzianum ID11C strain was determinated
to tolerant against to high concentrations of heavy metals (100-400 mM) and
salt (250 mM). It was observed that there were enzyme activities that promote
plant growth. It was determined that T.
harzianum strain had no negative effect on the germination success of the
seeds compared to the control. In the pot experiment, when the control group
and R. solani groups were compared
with each other, it was determined that there was a significant difference
between the results of the statistical analysis performed with the stem and
main root length, the number of lateral root and the root lesion scale (Tukey
test, p<0.05). The effects of R. solani or T. harzianum on bean development were not as good as the control
group. However, ID11C and B227+ID11C groups were found to reduce pathogenic
activity when compared with group B227.

It
was determined that R. solani caused
pathogenesis in the bean (Zulbiye), whereas T. harzianum
strain decreased pathogenicity in all parameters, although it is not statistically
significant. It was concluded that T.
harzianum ID11C strain could be used as biocontrol and plant supporting
agent against Rhizoctonia solani in
bean farming.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizoctonia solani, biocontrol, plant pathogen

Kaynakça

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