Cu, Zn ve Karışımlarının Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvalarının Hemosit Tipleri ve Sayıları Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 45 - 51, 31.03.2020

Benay Tunçsoy , Ayşe Kara Pinar Özalp

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.649536

Cited By: 1

Öz

Yapılan
çalışmada, Zn (30 mg/L) ve Cu (10 mg/L)’ nun tek başına ve karışım halinde
toksik etkilerinin Galleria mellonella larvalarının
hemosit tipleri ile total ve diferansiyel hemosit sayıları üzerine olan
etkileri incelenmiştir.

            G.mellonella
larvalarında prohemosit, granülosit, plazmatosit, sferülosit ve önositoid olmak
üzere beş tip hemosit gözlenmiştir. Total ve diferansiyel hemosit sayıları ağır metallerden önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Metallerin
uygulanması sonucunda (72 saat sonunda) total hemosit sayısı (THS) azalmıştır.
Prohemosit, granülosit, sferülosit ve önositoidlerde azalma plazmatosit
sayılarında ise artış gözlenmiştir.

            G.mellonella
larvalarının hemosit sayılarında meydana gelen değişimler çevre kirliliği düzeylerini değerlendirmede iyi bir
model organizma olarak kullanılabilirliğini ve başka türler üzerinde de
yapılacak immünolojik çalışmalara yol gösterebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakır, Çinko, Galleria mellonella

Destekleyen Kurum

Çukurova Üniversitesi BAP birimi

Proje Numarası

FYL-2018-10328

Effects of Cu, Zn and its mixtures on Hemocyte Types and Counts of Galleria mellonella L. Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Öz

Toxic
effects of Zn (30 mg / L) and Cu(10mg / L) applied singly and in mixture were
investigated on the total and differential hemocyte counts of Galleria mellonella larvae.

            Five types of hemocytes were
observed in G. mellonella larvae;
prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, spherulocytes and eunocytoids. Total
and differential hemocyte counts were significantly affected by heavy metals.
Total hemocyte count (THC) decreased when larvae exposed to metal for (72
hours).  Decreased  prohemocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes and
eunocytoids whereas plasmatocyte numbers increased.

            Changes in hemocyte numbers of G. mellonella larvae have shown that it
can be used as a good model organism in evaluating environmental pollution
levels and it can also lead to immunological studies on other species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Copper, Zinc, Galleria mellonella

Proje Numarası

FYL-2018-10328

Kaynakça

• Aksu, E. (2018). Kahramanmaraş merkez ilçelerindeki koyunlarda demir, bakır ve çinko seviyelerinin araştırılması.Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Harran Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü,Şanlıurfa , Türkiye.
• Arojojoye, O.A., Oyagbemi, A.A. & Afolabi, J.M. (2018). Toxicological Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Clarias gariepinus from Igbokoda River of South Western Nigeria . Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 100(6):765-771.
• Ashhurst, D.E. & Richards, G. (1964). Some histochemical observations on the blood cells of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., Journal of Morphology, 114: 247- 254.
• Bagatto, G. & Shorthouse, J.D. (1996). Accumulation of Cu and Ni in successivestages of Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera) near ore smelters at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Environmental Pollution. 92 (1): 7–12.
• Bronksil, J.F. (1961). A Cage to Simplify the Rearing of The Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella (Pyralidae). Journal of Lepidopteran Society,15:102-104.
• Büsselberg, D., & Florea, A.M. (2006). Occurrence, use and potential toxic effects of metals and metal compounds. BioMetals 19: 419–427.
• Cerenius, L. & Soderhall, K. (2004). The prophenoloxidase-activating system in invertebrates. Immunological Reviews, 198: 116–126. Chapman, R. F. (1998). The Insects: Structure and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Dow, J.A. (2017). The essential roles of metal ions in insect homeostasis and physiology. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 23:43–50.
• Florea, A.M., Dopp, E., Obe, G. & Rettenmeier ,A.W. (2004). Genotoxicity of organometallic species. In: Hirner AV, Emons H, eds. Organic Metal and Metalloid Species in the Environment: Analysis, Distribution, Processes and Toxicological Evaluation. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 205–219.
• Florea ,A.M. (2005). Toxicity of Alkylated Derivatives of Arsenic, Antimony and Tin: Cellular Uptake, Cytotoxicity, Genotoxic Effects, Perturbation of Ca2+ Homeostasis and Cell Death. Aachen: Shaker Verlag.
• Gagnon,A., Jumarie,C. & Hontela,A. (2006). Effects of Cu on plasma cortisol and cortisol secretion by adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology, 78:59–65.
• Gagnon,A., Jumarie,C. & Hontela,A. (2006). Effects of Cu on plasma cortisol and cortisol secretion by adrenocortical cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology, 78:59–65.
• Gupta,V. (2013). Mammalian Feces as Bio-Indicator of Heavy Metal Contamination in Bikaner Zoological Garden, Rajasthan, India. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences 1(5): 10-15.
• Hackman, R. (1974). Chemistry of the insect cuticle. p. 215–270. In: “The Physiology of Insecta”. 2nd ed. (M. Rockstein, ed.). Academic Press, Inc., London, UK, 535 pp.
• Javed, M. & Usmani, N. (2017). An Overview of the Adverse Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination on Fish Health. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
• Jones, J.C. (1962). Current Concepts Corncerning Insect Hemocytes. American Zoologist, 2:209-246.
• Kanost, M.R., Jiang, H. & Yu, X.Q. (2004). Innate immune responses of a lepidopteran insect,Manduca sexta. Immunological. Reviews, 198:97–105.
• Korkmaz, C., Ay, Ö., Çolakfakioğlu, C., Cicik, B. & Erdem, C. (2017). Heavy Metal Levels in Muscle Tissues of Solea solea, Mullus barbatus, and Sardina pilchardus Marketed for Consumption in Mersin, Turkey. Water,Air and Soil Pollution ., 228:315-325.
• Lavine, M.D. & Strand, M.R. (2002). Insect hemocytes and their role in immunity. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 32: 1295–1309.
• Levin, D.M. (2007). An Integrin Required for the Encapsulation Immune Response in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), Kansas State University, College of Agriculture, Department of Entomology, Manhattan, Kansas.
• Mastore ,M., Binda, R.S., Giovannardi, S., Scari, G. & Brivio, M.F. (2015). Inducible factors with antimicrobial activity after immune challenge in the haemolymph of Red Palm Weevil (Insecta). Innate Immunity, 21: 392–405.
• McFarlane, J. (1974). The functions of copper in the house cricket and the relation of copper to vitamin E. Canadian. Entomology 106 (4): 441–446.
• Nappi, A.J. & Ottaviani, E. (2000). Cytotoxicity and cytotoxic molecules in invertebrates. Bioessays, 22: 469–480.
• Negri, P., Maggi, M., Szawarski, N., Lamattina, L. & Eguaras, M. (2014). Apis mellifera haemocytes in-vitro: what type of cells are they? Functional analysis before and after pupal metamorphosis. Journal of Apicultural. Research 53: 576–589.
• Ribeiro, C. & Brehelin, M. (2006). Insect haemocytes: what type of cell is that? Journal of. Insect Physiology 52: 417–429. Rosales, C. (2011). Phagocytosis, a cellular immune response in insects. International studies Journal, 8: 109-131.
• Sendi, J.J., Baghban, A., Zibaee,A. & Khosravi, R. (2014). Effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) on feeding indices and energy reserves of the cotton boll worm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal Of Plant Protectıon Research, 54 (4): 367–373.
• Sendi, J.J., Baghban, A. & Zibaee,A. (2018). Effect of essential and non-essential elements on cellular immune system of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). International studies Journal, 15: 158-168.
• Shen, D., Li, M., Chu , Y., Lang, M., & An, C. (2016). Cellular immune response of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), to infection by the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. Eurasian Journal of Entomology, 113: 415–422.
• Strand, M. R., Beck, M. H. & Lavine, M.D. (2006). Microplitis demolitor bracovirus inhibits phagocytosis by hemocytes from Pseudoplusia includens. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 61: 134–145.
• Strand, M.R., 2008. The insect cellular immune response. Insect Science 15: 1–14.
• Suganya , M., Karthi, S., & Shivakumar, M.S. (2016). Effect of Cd and Lead Exposure on Tissue Spesific Antioxidant Response in Spodoptera litura . Free Radicals and. Antioxidants 6: 90-100.
• Tarek, M.Y.E., Fouda, M.A., Hassan ,M.I., Abd-Elghaphar, A.A. & Hasaballah, A.I. (2010). Toxicological effects of some heavy metal ions on Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Egypt Acad. Journal of Biological Science 2 (1): 63–76.
• Vogelweith,F., Moret,Y., Monceau ,K., Thiéry,D. & Moreau,J. (2016). The relative abundance of hemocyte types in a polyphagous moth larva depends on diet. Journal of. Insect Physiology. 88:33–39.
• Wu, G. & Yi, Y. (2015). Effects of dietary heavy metals on the immune and antioxidant systems of Galleria mellonella larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. 167:131- 139.
• Wu, G., Liu Y., Ding Y. & Yi Y. (2016). Ultrastructural and functional characterization of circulatinghemocytes from Galleria mellonella larva: Cell types and their role in the innate immunity. Tissue and Cell, 48: 297-304.
• Zafarzadeh, A., Bay, A., Fakhri, Y., Keramati, H. & Pouya, R.H. (2017). Heavy metal (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) concentrations in the water and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish and associated non-carcinogenic risk assessment: Alagol wetland in the Golestan, Iran. Toxın Revıews. 37(2):1-7