Influence of Lead and Applied Singly and in Mixture with Chitosan on Tissue Accumulation of Clarias gariepinus

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 173 - 177, 30.06.2020

Mustafa Tunçsoy , Servet Duran

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.690824

Öz

Clarias gariepinus was exposed to 1 ppm Pb singly and in mixture with 75 ppm chitosan (CT) and the levels of Pb in gill, liver, spleen, kidney and muscle tissues were determined after 1, 7 and 15 days. Lead accumulation increased in gill tissue compared to control when exposed to Pb alone and in mixture on 7th day. A significant decrease, however, was observed in gill level on exposure to Pb+CT mixture on day 15. Exposure to Pb alone increased the level in liver significantly after 15 days compared to control fish. Exposure to Pb alone and to mixture had no effect on kidney accumulation. Pb accumulation increased in spleen tissue compared to control when exposed to Pb alone on 1st and 7th days, it decreased when exposed to Pb+CT mixture at these exposure periods. Muscle Pb accumulation was higher in fish exposed to Pb only as compared to controls and in fish exposed to Pb+CT mixture on 1st day. The studied lead concentrations caused alterations in the metal accumulation especially gill and liver tissues. Chitosan seemed to decrease the harmful effects of Pb on long term exposures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Accumulation, Clarias gariepinus, Chitosan, Lead, Mixture

Kurşun ve Kurşun-Kitosan Karışımının Clarias gariepinus'da doku birikimi üzerine etkileri

Öz

Bu araştırmada 1 ppm kurşunun tek başına ve 75 ppm kitosan ile karışımlarının 1, 7 ve 15 günlük etki sürelerinde C. gariepinus’un solungaç, karaciğer, böbrek, dalak ve kas dokularındaki metal birikiminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kurşunun tek başına ve karışımın 7 günlük etki süresinde solungaç dokusunda biriktiği belirlenmiştir. Karışımın 15 günlük etki süresinde ise solungaç dokusundaki kurşun birikimi azalmıştır. Kurşunun tek başına 15 günlük süreyle etkisinde karaciğerde birikim artış göstermiştir. Böbrek dokusunda kurşunun tek başına ve karışımın etkisinde birikim gözlenmemiştir. Dalak dokusunda kurşunun tek başına 1 ve 7 günlük etki süresindeki kurşun birikimi artış gösterirken, karışımın aynı sürelerle etkisindeki birikim düşüş göstermiştir. Kas dokusunda ise kurşunun tek başına ve karışımın etkisinde yalnızca 1 günlük etki süresinde birikim gözlenmiştir. İncelenen kurşun derişimleri özellikle solungaç ve karaciğer dokusunda birikme neden olmuş, kitosanın uzun süreli etkisi kurşun birikimini azaltmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Birikim, Clarias gariepinus, Karışım, Kitosan, Kurşun

Kaynakça

• Abbas, H.H.H., Mahmoud, H.M. & Miller, J.D. (2007). Vitamin C and Cadmium Toxicity in Fish Oreochromis niloticus. Online Journal of Veterinary Research 11, 54-74.
• Cicik, B. (2003). Bakır-Çinko Etkileşiminin Sazan (Cyprinus carpio L.)’nın Karaciğer, Solungaç ve Kas Dokularındaki Metal Birikimi Üzerine Etkileri. Ekoloji, 12(48), 32-36.
• Duran, S., Tunçsoy, M., Yeşilbudak, B., Ay, Ö., Cicik, B. & Erdem, C. (2015). Metal Accumulation in Various Tissues of Clarias Gariepinus Exposed to Copper, Zinc, Cadmium and Lead Singly and in Mıxture. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 24(12c), 4738-4742.
• Firidin, G. (2019). Effects of Lead and Its Selenium Mixtures on Biochemical Parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 28(1), 383-390.
• Gaber H.S. (2007). Impact of Certain Heavy Metals on the Gill and Liver of the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 11, 79–100.
• Garcia-Abiado, M.A., Mbahinzireki, G., Rinchard, J., Lee, K.J. & Dabrowski, K. (2004). Effect of Diets Containing Gossypol on Blood Parameters and Spleen Structure in Tilapia, Oreochromis sp., reared in a Recirculating system. Journal of Fish Diseases, 27(6), 359-368.
• Heath, A.G. (1995). Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. CRC press, Florida, USA, pp. 245.
• Hollis, L., Mcgeer, J.C., Mcdonald, D.G. & Wood, C.M. (1999). Cadmium Accumulation, Gill Cd Binding, Acclimation and Physiological Effects during Long Term Sublethal Cd Exposure in Rainbow Trout. Aquatic Toxicology, 46, 101–119.
• Krishnamurthy, K.V. & Harris, G.M. (1960). The Chemistry of the Metal Oxalato Complexes. Chemical Reviews, 1, 213-246.
• Kusemiju, V., Amoruwa, P. & Aderinola, J.A. (2012). Accumulation of Lead in the Tissues of Freshwater Catfish Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Static Nominal Concentrations of Lead Nitrate. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 3(12), 510-515.
• Muramoto, S. (1983). Elimination of Copper from Cu-Contaminated Fish by Long-Term Exposure to EDTA and Freshwater. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, A18 (3), 455-461.
• Muzzarelli R.A.A. (1973). Natural Chelating Polymers: Alginic Acid, Chitin and Chitosan. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 254.
• Muzzarelli, R.A.A. (1977). Enzymatic Synthesis of Chitin and Chitosan. Occurrence of Chitin. In: Muzzarelli, R. A. A. Eds.., Chitin, Pregamon Press, New York, 5-44.
• Seyedi, S.M., Anvaripour, B., Motavassel, M. & Jadidi, N. (2013). Comparative Cadmium Adsorption from Water by Nanochitosan and Chitosan, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, 2(9), 145-148.
• Shaw, J.R., Dempsey, T.D., Chen, C.Y., Hamilton, J.W. & Folt, C.L. (2006). Comparative Toxicity of Cadmium, Zinc and Mixtures of Cadmium and Zinc to Daphnids. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25, 182–189.
• Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. (1995). Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research. 3rd Edition. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
• Sposito, G., Holtzclaw, K.M., & LeVesque-Madore, C.S. (1981). Trace Metal Complexation by Fulvic Acid Extracted from Sewage Sludge: I. Determination of Stability Constants and Linear Correlation Analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45, 465-468.
• Tayel, S.I., Yacoub, A.M. & Mahmoud, S.A., (2008). Histopathological and Haematological Responses to Freshwater Pollution in the Nile Catfish Clarias gariepinus. Journal of Egyptian Academic Society for Environmental Development, 9(4), 43-60.
• Tunçsoy, M., Duran, S., Ay Ö., Cicik B & Erdem C., (2016). Accumulation of copper in gill, liver, spleen, kidney and muscle tissues of Clarias gariepinus exposed to the metal singly and in mixture with chitosan. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 97(4), 486-489.
• Vieira, R.S. & Beppu, M.M. (2014). Chitosan as Adsorbent For Heavy Metal Ions: Performance and Adsorption Mechanism. In: Liam N. Robinson. (Org.). Water Resources Research Progress. Nova York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 149-175.