Süt Sığırlarının Beslenmesinde Metabolize Edilebilir Protein Sistemleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 178 - 184, 30.06.2020

Mirza Yiğithan Öğüt , Nurcan Çetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.696143

Öz

Son yıllarda süt sığırlarında protein beslenmesinin anlaşılmasında önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Metabolize edilebilir protein(MEP) ihtiyacı, hayvanın yaşama payı ve verim payını canlı ağırlık artışı, gebelik ve süt üretimi gibi net olarak karşılayan protein miktarıdır. MEP ince bağırsak tarafından emilen hem mikrobiyal hem de rumende parçalanmayan proteinden(RUP) oluşmaktadır. Bu nedenle, sadece rasyon ham protein(HP) değerini kullanarak ruminant rasyonlarınının hazırlanması hatalı olmaktadır. Wende analizi ve deterjan analizi gibi geleneksel yem analizi yöntemleri, yem HP’i tek bir birim olarak kabul eder; yem proteini fraksiyonlarının rumen parçalanabilirliğini, mikrobiyal protein sentezini, bağırsağa akış hızlarını ve bunların emilimini hesaba katmaz. Bu nedenle, süt ineklerinin protein ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için hazılanan rasyon sadece rasyon protein kaynağı olarak HP’i değil aynı zamanda rumende sentezlenen mikrobiyal proteini(MP) de içermelidir. MP sistemleri her iki faktörü de göz önünde bulundurarak rumende parçalanabilir protein(RDP) ve RUP, ayrı ayrı rumen mikroplarının ve hayvanın protein ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında MP’in sentezini ve MEP’in hesaplanmasını içermekte ve böylece doğru olarak protein ihtiyaçlarını belirlenmektedir. Cornell Net Karbonhidrat ve Protein sistemi(CNCPS), Amerika’nın Ulusal Araştırma Konseyi(NRC), İngiltere’nin Tarımsal Araştırma Konseyi(ARC), Cornell Penn Miner Süt ve Amino İnek gibi ileri düzeyde geliştirilmiş beslenme modellerinin ortaya çıkışı; rasyon formülasyonu, süt sığırlarının ince bağırsak seviyesindeki protein ihtiyaçlarını tanımlamakta ve hayvanlara protein ihtiyaçlarını belirleyen dengeli rasyonların hazırlanmasında HP'den MEP'e geçilmesinin zorunluluğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu derleme makalesinde süt sığırlarının protein beslenmesi konusunda sadece rasyondaki HP dikkate alan basit besleme sisteminden sonra geliştirilmiş MEP sistemlerinde yer alan prensipleri ve kavramları son gelişmelerle birlikte incelemek amaçlanmıştır. 00

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ham Protein, Metabolize edilebilir protein, Protein değerlendirme sistemleri, Süt sığırı

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Metabolizable Protein Systems in Dairy Cattle Nutrition

Öz

In recent years, significant improvements have been achieved in understanding protein nutrition in dairy cattle. The metabolizable protein(MEP) requirement is defined as the amount of protein that meets precisely the animal's maintenance and productions such as live weight gain, pregnancy and milk yield. This MEP consists of both microbial and also rumen undegradable protein(RUP) absorbed by the small intestine. Therefore, the preparation of ruminant diets using only the diet crude protein(HP) value is incorrect. Conventional feed analysis methods, such as Wende analysis and detergent analysis, accept the feed crude protein as a single unit; it does not take into account rumen degradability of feed protein fractions, microbial protein synthesis, intestinal flow rates and their absorption. Therefore, the diet prepared to meet the protein requirements of dairy cows should include not only HP as a source of diet protein, but also microbial HP synthesized in the rumen. Microbial protein(MP) systems, taking into account both factors, rumen degradable protein(RDP) and RUP, the individual rumen microbes and the synthesis of MP to meet the protein requirements of the animal as well as the estimation of the MEP and thus accurately determine protein requirements. The emergence of advanced nutritional models such as the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein system(CNCPS), USA’s National Research Council(NRC), the UK's Agricultural Research Council(ARC), Cornell Penn Miner Milk and Amino Cow; the dietary formulation identifies the protein requirements at the intestinal level of dairy cows and demonstrates the necessity of switching from HP to MEP in preparing balanced diets that determine protein requirements for animals. In this review article, the objective is to evaluate the principles and concepts with the latest developments in MEP systems developed after the simple feeding system which considers only HP in protein nutrition of dairy cattle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crude protein, Dairy cattle, Metabolizable protein, Protein evaluation system

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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