Sucul Hayvanlarında ve Su Ürünlerinde SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Virüsünün Varlığı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 145 - 155, 30.06.2022

Nihed Ajmi , Muhammed Duman

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1062753

Öz

Dünya tarihinde günümüze kadar çok sayıda pandemik hastalık ortaya çıkmış ve bu hastalıklar milyonlarca insanı etkilemiştir. Özellikle tarihe damga vuran pandemiler içerisinde ilk kayıtlarda kara ölüm (black death) olarak bilinen veba dünya nüfusunun % 17-54’ünün ölümüne yol açan bir hastalık olarak kayıtlara geçmiştir. 2019 yılında ortaya çıkan ve coronavirüs ailesine ait olan SARS CoV-2 virüsünün salgın oluşturması ve pandemik bir enfeksiyona dönüşmesi ile birlikte 342 milyondan fazla insanda pozitif vaka saptanmış ve 5,5 milyondan fazla insan ise hayatını kaybetmiştir. Ortaya çıkan bu büyük salgın halen daha etkilerini devam ettirirken başta vizon (Neovison vison) olmak üzere köpek, kedi gibi evcil hayvanlarda da pozitif vakalar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle Danimarka, Hollanda ve Finlandiya gibi ülkelerde Covid-19 pozitif çıkan hayvanlar itilaf edilmektedir. Günümüze kadar olan pandemik salgınlardan farklı olarak Covid-19 pandemisi daha geniş coğrafyalara dağılmış ve çok sayıda hayvan türünü de etkileyerek bu konuda önemli bir araştırma konusu olmuştur. SARS-CoV-2’nin ilk olarak yarasalardan insanlara geçtiğine dair raporlar bulunması ile birlikte bu viral etken zoonotik olarak kabul edilmiştir ancak yarasalar dışında diğer hayvanlardan insanlara geçişi konusunda tam olarak bir bulaşma yolu gösterilmemiştir. İnsanlar arasında başta solunum yolu ile bulaşma gösteren virüsün hem evcil hayvanlardan hem de tüketilebilir gıdalardan insanlara geçişi konusunda büyük bir risk olmadığı bildirilmektedir. Karasal hayvanlarda çok sayıda rapor olmasına rağmen sucul hayvanlarda veya akuatik çevrede SARS-CoV-2’nin varlığı ve sucul hayvanlarda COVID-19 bulaşı konusunda çalışmalar devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada SARS-CoV-2’nin akuatik ortamda canlılığı, sucul ekosisteme ve su hayvanlarına geçişi ve dolayısıyla su ya da su ürünleri yoluyla insanlara oluşturacağı riskler derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balıklarda Coronavirüs, Su Ürünlerinde nCOVID-19, Akuakültürde Coronavirüs

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi

Teşekkür

Yoğun ilgisi, ilham verici rehberliği, tüm aşamalarda çalışmamla sürekli teşviki ve bu makaleyi hayata geçirmekteki teşviki için Nada AJMI'ye, derin şükran duygumu ve derin teşekkürlerimi sunuyorum.

Existence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on Aquatic Animals and Aquatic Products

Öz

Many pandemic diseases have emerged in the history of the world and these diseases have affected millions of people. Among the marked pandemics in history, the plague, known as the black death, was recorded to cause the death of 17-54% of the world population. As the SARS CoV-2, which emerged in 2019 and belonged to the coronavirus family, caused an epidemic and turned into a pandemic infection, positive cases were detected in more than 342 million people, and more than 5.5 million people died. While this emerging epidemic is still continuing its effects, it has been determined that there are positive cases in pets such as dogs and cats, especially in mink (Neovison vison). Especially in Denmark, Netherlands and Finland, positive animals for COVID-19 were accepted. Unlike the pandemic until today, the COVID-19 has spread to broader geographies and has become an important research topic by affecting many animal species. With the reports that the SARS-CoV-2 - was first transmitted from bats to humans, this viral agent has been accepted as zoonotic, but a complete transmission route has not been shown for its transmission from other animals to humans except bats. It is reported that there is no significant risk of transmission of the virus, which is transmitted primarily by the respiratory route, from both pets and edible foods to humans. Although there are many reports in terrestrial animals, studies on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 - in aquatic animals or aquatic environments and COVID-19 transmission in aquatic animals continue. Here we reviewed the viability of the SARS-CoV-2 - in the aquatic environment, transmission to the aquatic ecosystem and aquatic animals, and therefore the risks to humans through water or aquatic products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coronavirus in Fish, nCOVID-19 in Aquatic products, Coronavirus in Aquaculture

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