Autophagy and Its Role in Animal Diseases

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 28 - 36, 31.03.2023

Sinem İnal Yonca Betil Kabak

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1210073

Öz

Autophagy is a term of Greek origin and means self (auto) eating (phagy). It can be defined as the cell confining its cytoplasmic content or intracellular pathogens with a membrane. This membrane merges with the lysosome in mammalian cells to form the phagolysosome structure. In the early 1960s, yeasts were used to investigate autophagy mechanisms and identify related genes. The autophagic activity was observed in yeasts incubated under different conditions. Autophagy occurs in the normal physiological process of the cell; thus, cytoplasmic products, especially old cellular organelles, are eliminated. The final products formed after fragmentation are offered for the use of the cell again. This way, it works as a recycling mechanism that supports the cell's energy balance. Disruption in the autophagy mechanism causes many problems, such as infection, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship between autophagy and human diseases has been well documented. However, in addition to experimental studies, investigating the role of autophagy in animal diseases is essential in veterinary medicine. It is aimed to review the literature data on autophagy and current reports on the role of autophagy in essential animal diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

autophagy, phagolysosome, yeast

Otofaji ve Hayvan Hastalıklarında Rolü

Öz

Otofaji, Yunanca kökenli bir terim olup kelime anlamı olarak kendi kendini (auto) yeme (phagy) anlamına gelmektedir. Hücrenin kendi sitoplazmik içeriğinin veya hücre içi patojenlerin bir zarla sınırlaması şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Bu zar yapısı memeli hücrelerinde lizozomla birleşerek fagolizozom yapısını oluşturmaktadır. 1960’lı yılların başında otofaji mekanizmalarının daha iyi anlaşılması ve ilgili genlerin belirlenebilmesi için mayalardan yararlanılmıştır. Mayalar farklı şartlarda inkube edildiğinde otofajik aktivite gözlenmiştir. Otofaji hücrenin normal fizyolojik süreci içinde bulunmakta ve bu işlem sayesinde eski hücresel organeller başta olmak üzere sitoplazmik ürünler parçalanmaktadır. Parçalanma sonrası meydana gelen son ürünler yeniden hücrenin kullanımına sunulmaktadır. Böylelikle hücrenin enerji dengesine katkı sağlayan bir geri dönüşüm mekanizması olarak çalışmaktadır. Otofaji mekanizmalarında meydana gelecek sorunlar enfeksiyon, kanser ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar gibi birçok problemin görülmesine neden olmaktadır. Otofaji ve insan hastalıkları arasındaki ilişki yoğun olarak çalışılmıştır. Ancak deneysel çalışmaların yanı sıra hayvan hastalıklarında da otofajinin rolünün araştırılması veterinerlik alanında önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı, otofaji hakkındaki literatür verisinin taranması, önemli hayvan hastalıklarında otofajinin rolüyle ilgili güncel bilgilerin derlenmesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fagolizozom, maya, otofaji, autophagy, phagolysosome

Kaynakça

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